Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade Into the 21st Century (1995) / Chapter Skim
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A New Developments in International Standards and Global Trade...
A New Developments in International Standards and Global Trade...
Pages 169-196
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From page 169... ...
Conference participants included lead ers from industry, government, academia, and private-sector organizations. Par ticipants discussed standards as technical barriers to trade and the economic benefits of international trade in the post-Uruguay Round trade environment; national standards and conformity assessment systems in overseas markets; the U.S.
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From page 170... ...
effects and static efficiency effects from a one-third cut in global barriers to trade, a primary goal of the Uruguay Round negotiations. It was found that for the United States at the end of 10 years there would be a growth enhancement of about 3 percentage points of Gross Domestic Product.
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From page 171... ...
failure to reduce the costs of those processes by establishing methods and procedures to facilitate conformity assessment. STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE: THE EUROPEAN AND GATT APPROACHES Both the Single Internal Market program of the EU and the Uruguay Round have wrestled with the issue of standards as technical barriers to trade.
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From page 172... ...
This means, for example, that if a standards organization admits some foreign participation in its procedures, it may not block other foreign participants. Another achievement of the Uruguay Round has been to put in place not only agreements on technical standards, but also a multilateral trade body, the World Trade Organization.
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From page 173... ...
Most disputes should not end up in the formal dispute settlement procedure, but should be settled privately. The topic of access to the European standards system by non-European private-sector standards bodies elicited considerable discussion.
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Important changes are taking place in standards and conformity assessment systems in Europe, Asia, and emerging markets, affecting both regulated and unregulated product sectors. Worldwide, standards harmonization activities have increased.
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From page 175... ...
Comprising national delegations from at least five EU or EFTA countries, sectoral committees discuss mutual recognition arrangements where they perceive a market need for harmonized conformity assessment. Agreement groups are formed among organizations from at least three EU or EFTA countries that have agreed to operate in conformance with similar European or international standards.
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From page 176... ...
In the discussion of conformity assessment in overseas markets, several U.S. industry participants stressed the need to maintain reliance wherever possible on self-certification, by using the supplier's declaration of conformity rather than services provided by an independent third party.
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From page 177... ...
Also considered were the desirable mix of government and private-sector activity in standards and conformity assessment and ways to arrive at those desired relationships. A Government Agency Perspective In the changing international trade environment, according to a U.S.
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From page 178... ...
NIST has begun to explore mutual recognition of accreditation bodies through its National Voluntary Conformity Assessment Systems Evaluation program. Finally, NIST is working to improve communication and cooperation among government agencies, standards organizations, and industry.
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From page 179... ...
With FDA's support, the industry adopted as national standards all of the international standards that it administers in the United States. FDA support was critical to the medical device association's involvement with an ISO technical committee that will write, interpret, and coordinate medical device quality system standards for the international community.
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From page 180... ...
government role in standards and conformity assessment were voiced by conference participants. Several of these are highlighted below:
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From page 181... ...
Finally, as many firms have moved outside traditional domestic markets to compete internationally, foreign standards have become important to their success and the role of international standards has bacon me more critical. Telecommunications The telecommunication industry is dependent on universality, which depends in turn on standards.
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From page 182... ...
It was noted that the private sector is motivated to get involved in the standards process when adopting a common standard would produce a far larger market with less risk of failure than would a market consisting of multiple incompatible technologies. Historically, most telecommunication standards bodies were not formed with the notion of creating standards that would invite open competition and rapid change.
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From page 183... ...
Actions suggested by an industry panelist include, first, recognizing a preference for the formal processes at the national and international levels. At the same time, the formal standards process needs to separate technical development from formal approval.
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From page 184... ...
The panel will address the status of standards and conformity assessment systems as barriers to trade in the post-Uruguay Round trading system. Moderator: Gary Hufbauer, Senior Fellow, Institute for International ~ .
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From page 185... ...
The panel will discuss current roles and potential new initiatives for the federal government in standards development, conformity assessment, and quality assurance.
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From page 186... ...
Moderator: Stanley Besen, Vice President, Charles River Associates Richard Liebhaber, Chief Strategy and Technology Officer, MCI Communications Corporation Stephen Oksala, Director, Corporate Standards, Unisys Corporation 4:20-4:50 p.m. Open discussion: emerging trends in standards and technology development in the IT and telecommunication industries; role of international standardization in strengthening U.S.
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From page 187... ...
Department of State James Baskin Director, Standards NYNEX Corporation Cora Beebe Office of Management and Budget Executive Office of the President Laszlo Belady Chairman Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. 187 PARTICIPANTS LIST Diego Betancourt Manager Office of Strategic Standardization Polaroid Corporation S
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From page 188... ...
Church Voluntary Standards and International Activities Coordinator U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Belinda Collins Program Analyst National Institute of Standards and Technology James D
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From page 189... ...
Fowler Principal Engineer The MITRE Corporation Kim Frankena Chief, Major Trading Nations Branch U.S. International Trade Commission James French Director of Standards American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Louis Geoffrion Manager, Corporate Quality Assurance Raytheon Company 189 Richard B
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From page 190... ...
Lancraft Division Manager United Parcel Service Holly Lawe Senior Research Associate Georgia Institute of Technology Center for International Standards and Quality Mary Anne Lawler Director of Standards Relations IBM Corporation APPENDIX A William Lehr Assistant Professor Graduate School of Business Columbia University Walter G Leight Deputy Director, Office of Standards Services National Institute of Standards and Technology Richard Liebhaber Chief Strategy and Technology Officer MCI Communications Corporation Henry Line Director, Global Products Standards AMP Incorporated John W
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From page 191... ...
Noth Manager, Engineering Standards Deere & Company Stephen Oksala Director, Corporate Standards Unisys Corporation Anthony R O'Neill Chairman of the Board American National Standards Institute J
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Schweiker Director of Government and Organization Relations American National Standards Institute
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From page 193... ...
DuPont DeNemours & Company Anna Slomovic Senior Policy Analyst Rand Critical Technologies Institute Oliver Smoot Executive Vice President Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association Carlos Souto Industrial Scientific Counselor Embassy of Portugal Michael B Spring Assistant Professor Department of Information Science University of Pittsburgh David Stanger Secretary General European Organization for Testing and Certification Steve Stewart Program Administrator, Public Affairs Telecommunications IBM Corporation Gene Strull Consultant Westinghouse Marty Sullivan Director, Standards Bellcore 193 Audrey Talley Office of Food Safety and Technical Services, Foreign Agriculture Service, ITP U.S.
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From page 194... ...
International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee (attending)
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From page 195... ...
Merrill Executive Director Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy and Director, Academy Industry Program 195 Lois Perrolle Associate Director Academy Industry Program Daniel LaRue Gross Staff Associate Academy Industry Program Shirley Cole Administrative Assistant Academy Industry Program John S Wilson Project Director International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S.
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