Integrating Federal Statistics on Children Report of a Workshop (1995) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Children's Transition to School
Children's Transition to School
Pages 98-121
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 98... ...
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1992 Child Health USA ‘92.
|
From page 99... ...
Muenchow 1992 Head Start: The Inside Story of America's Most Successful Educational Experi ment. New York: Basic Books.
|
From page 100... ...
The proportion of children who do not develop the skills to be able to function adequately in this increasingly complex world continues to concern us. We suspect, although we do not know, that antisocial and precocious behavior among children living in poor families, including delinquency, violent behavior, early sexual activity and out-of-wedlock childbearing, and school problems do not suddenly emerge full-grown at adolescence.
|
From page 101... ...
. Whether children arrive on their first day and every day thereafter at their fullest potential depends on factors that predate their birth, including prenatal care and maternal health habits, access to health care and exposure to high-quality care and preschool programs during their preschool years, a warm and stable family, a safe and supportive community, as well as an engaging and responsive school environment (Copple et al., 1993)
|
From page 102... ...
Finally, as an alternative measure of cognitive outcomes, behavioral measures of progress and success in school, such as retention in grade, special education placement, grades, and school dropout, are used. Socioemotional Socioemotional dimensions of development can be divided into emotional development and social development (see National Education Goals Panel, 1993)
|
From page 103... ...
The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, for example, a measure of receptive language, is not designed to assess children before age 3. Although there are tests to measure language skills earlier, there is evidence that early cognitive assessments may not be as reliable, valid, or stable as later ones (Baker et al., 1993)
|
From page 104... ...
Research, again, is only suggestive, but outcomes may be linked to the economic and social conditions in which families live and the level and instability of resources available to them. These include family characteristics such as low income, minority race/ ethnicity, being raised by a single mother or no parent, low birthweight, having a teenage parent, low level of maternal education, English not spoken at home, large family size, later birth order, low maternal ability, and low child ability (Hofferth et al., 1994)
|
From page 105... ...
. Another example is that early childhood programs develop children's cognitive and social skills, improve health, and help parents; therefore, develop more early childhood education programs (Schweinhart et al., 1993)
|
From page 106... ...
The National Maternal and Infant Health Survey program of National Center for Health Statistics will not be continued, and funds for a new Child and Family Health Supplement to the Health Interview Survey are in danger. Table 1 shows the major scientific databases on children and the scientific questions to which the data are addressed: outputs, inputs, the link between the two, and program evaluation.
|
From page 107... ...
Assessment of child health has been conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. As part of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
|
From page 108... ...
to the Health X X X X Interview Survey (CHS) National Maternal & Infant Health Survey (NMIHS)
|
From page 109... ...
X X X National Survey of Families & Households (NSFH) X X X X X JOBS Child Outcomes Study (JOBS)
|
From page 110... ...
The National Center for Health Statistics has been conducting state-by-state immunization surveys to monitor level of immunizations and regular surveys to monitor health promotion and disease prevention efforts for national health goals. The National Maternal and Infant Health Survey also asked questions about services (Zill and Daly, 1993)
|
From page 111... ...
Although all agencies benefit, only the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the National Center for Education Statistics (in the Department of Education) have these basic scientific questions as their mandate.
|
From page 112... ...
More regular assessments would be quite helpful in linking inputs with child outcomes. As of the 1992 wave, four waves of information are available on the children, and 13 years of information are available on their mothers.
|
From page 113... ...
For example, the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey represents a national sample of women who had a live birth, fetal death, or infant death in 1988. The 1991 follow-up interviewed the families about their children 3 years after the first interview.
|
From page 114... ...
. The national evaluation project has conducted interviews with parents, teachers, and principals, along with assessments of children and classroom observations in the fall of the kindergarten year of 2 cohorts of former Head Start and non-Head Start children in randomly assigned demonstration schools and comparison schools (fall 1992 and fall 1993)
|
From page 115... ...
the Program on Human Development and Criminal Behavior of the National Institute of Justice and the McArthur Foundation, (2) the Multisite Study of Mental Health Services of the National Institute of Mental Health, (3)
|
From page 116... ...
The NICHD study of Early Child Care was conducted in several sites across the country, but is not nationally representative. In 1991, the follow-up of the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey obtained detailed information on the first three years of a birth cohort of children; however, there are no plans to continue this study.
|
From page 117... ...
because of the smaller sample size. Given the enormous amount of information collected in the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, my third priority is either to follow the National Maternal and Infant Health sample of children into their school years or to start a new cohort at birth; it could become a birth cohort study comparable to the British longitudinal study (Cherlin et al., 1991)
|
From page 118... ...
The Census Bureau is interested in mounting such an effort, and its proposed Survey of Program Dynamics is a promising approach; however, I am not convinced that the planning and data collection of a new National Survey of Children should be a federal effort. Much of federal data collection does not allow enough planning time.
|
From page 119... ...
Although they may individually come to the attention of the Office of Management and Budget and/or Congress during the budget process, seeing them together as a package makes it easier to see overlaps and gaps. In terms of promoting collaborative meetings, there is an immediate opportunity to get the relevant federal agencies together to discuss the four surveys currently being planned: the Program on Human Development and Criminal Behavior, the Multisite Study of Mental Health Services, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, and the Survey of Program Dynamics.
|
From page 120... ...
Southwest Family Institute. Brick, Michael, Mary Collins, Carin Celebuski, Mary Jo Nolin, Theresa Squadere, Peter Ha, Jacqueline Wernimont, Jerry West, Kathryn Chandler, Elvie Hausken, and Jeffrey Owings 1992 National Household Education Survey of 1991: Preprimary and Primary Data Files User's Manual.
|
From page 121... ...
Presented at the 2nd National Head Start Research Conference, Washington, D.C., November. Kerckhoff, Alan C
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.