Biographical Memoirs Volume 66 (1995) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Daniel Sanford Lehrman
Daniel Sanford Lehrman
Pages 226-245
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 227... ...
He was scheclulec! in a few days to give a major address at the American Psychological Association meeting in Hawaii and had prepared for the trip characteristically by collecting lists of birds he wanted to see in Hawaii and by arranging bird watching expeditions with several resident ornithologists.
|
From page 228... ...
The Institute hack its beginnings in 1954 in his own laboratory, which was located on the top floor of what had been a brewery. There he began his research on the neuroendocrine basis of reproductive behavior in the ring dove.
|
From page 229... ...
Hansen (a recent student of Harry Hariow) , who established a colony of rhesus monkeys at the Institute for studying primate social behavior, a newly developing area in animal behavior.
|
From page 230... ...
Mei-Fang Cheng, from Taiwan, recently from the University of Pennsylvania, was recruited as Dan's research associate to study the ring doves. Through Dan's efforts the Institute was awarded center support grants by the National Institute of Mental Health to support basic research anc!
|
From page 231... ...
His doctoral thesis was on parental care in the ring dove and specifically on the effect of experience and the role of the crop gland as a source of stimulation motivating parental regurgitation feeding of the squabs. Dan began doing research as a teenager under the eminent herpetologist G
|
From page 232... ...
He held a summer fellowship in a newly established program in animal research at the New York Zoo en c! worked alongside Nicholas Collias, a leading student of animal behavior.
|
From page 233... ...
Dan reviewed the entire literature of field and laboratory studies on the behavioral neuroendocrinology of parental behavior in birds and mammals in his now classic chapter. In 1953 Dan published "A Critique of Konrad L~orenz's Theory of Instinctive Behavior," his famous criticism of ethology that launched him as a major theorist in the field of
|
From page 234... ...
It required listening over many months to German air spotters reporting plane sightings and working out a route for the airplanes that would enable them to reach their target without being sighted by the spotters.) The critique was leveled at the concept of innateness used by Lorenz and presented, as an alternative, a developmental approach to many of the behavior patterns viewed as innate by Lorenz.
|
From page 235... ...
The European ethologists, whose own backgrounds were in evolutionary biology and often in ornithology, soon learned upon meeting Dan that he was not a typical American experimental psychologist who studied animals in contrived laboratory settings. They discovered that he was an evolutionary biologist, a naturalist, and an ornithologist like themselves.
|
From page 236... ...
an accomplished speaker whose performances were famous for his imitation of ring dove bow-coo calls, wing flapping movements, and incubating eggs that accompanied his presentations. He spoke extemporaneously and was able to sense the level of understanding of his audience, speaking to them at their level and carrying them along with him as his story unfolded.
|
From page 237... ...
He thought about the kinds of problems that interest them, how they choose the concepts they employ, and how ideology plays a role in theoretical differences among them. Dan perceived that deep emotional and ideological differences, revealed by semantic and conceptual formulations, divided scientists on important issues in the field of animal behavior and these could not be resolved by empirical data alone.
|
From page 238... ...
In this regard Dan had a good deal of respect and admiration for Konracl Lorenz despite the deep differences in their theoretical views on the nature of innate behavior and the role of experience (and, of course, Lorenz's more political writing cited above)
|
From page 239... ...
The danger in using the data of animal behavior to understand human behavior, he felt, arose from the fact that in all animals the nature of inclividual and group functioning is embedded in complex frameworks of differences among species. These behavioral characteristics adapt them to different natural ecological and social conditions.
|
From page 240... ...
To provide Institute of Animal Behavior students with the opportunity to learn about human behavior, and in line with the breadth of his own interest in human behavior, Dan organized the Institute of Cognitive Studies as a graduate doctoral program in the Psychology Department in Newark. He recruited to this program the leading Gestalt psychologists in the fields of social psychology, learning, perception, en c]
|
From page 241... ...
Dan diect at the threshold of a period of vast expansion of the field of animal behavior and behavioral neuroscience along lines that wouic3 have won his enthusiastic approval. The study of the natural behavior of animals in the fields of behavioral ecology, mating preferences, parental behavior, and foraging, which are concerned with the adaptiveness of behavior, has clearly won out over the study of arbitrary, experimenter-oriented animal behavior in laboratories.
|
From page 242... ...
242 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS studying the ring dove and, second, how correct he was in his belief that studies should proceed from an understanding of the complexity of social interactions to the analysis of underlying neuroenclocrine-neurophysiological mechanlsms.
|
From page 243... ...
The presence of mate and of nesting material as stimuli for the development of incubation behavior and for gonadotrophin secretion in the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria)
|
From page 244... ...
Selective inhibition by progesterone of androgen-induced behavior in male ring doves (Streptopelia risoria)
|
From page 245... ...
Radioimmunoassay of plasma progesterone during the reproductive cycle of male and female ring doves (Streptopelia risoria)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.