Effect of Environment on Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals (1981) / Chapter Skim
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NUTRITIONAL EFFICIENCY
NUTRITIONAL EFFICIENCY
Pages 51-56
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From page 51... ...
For example, dry matter content of both feedstuffs and animal product are highly variable, which may result in from 3 to 25 units of feed by weight required to produce a unit of body weight gain. However, feed to gain ratio is an accepted way of describing total efficiency and is a useful term in practical situations since ultimately it is weight of feed that must be grown or purchased and fed and weight of product sold.
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From page 52... ...
summarized several studies comparing the value of modifying both summer and winter environments with natural environments for the beef cattle studies. In general, for the locations included in the studies, environmental modification resulted in improved efficiency of feed conversion although economic advantage was not always positively correlated with efficiency.
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From page 53... ...
reported reduced feed efficiency for lambs.exposed to either'heat or cold when compared with thermoneutrality for temperatures ranging from - 5 to 35°C when estimated lower critical temperature was 159C. Again both heat and cold result in reduced efficiency of milk production ('McDowell et al., 1976)
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From page 54... ...
Of course, original costs of depositing depot fat are not considered, and, therefore, caloric efficiency of producing an expelled product such as the egg during heat must be taken within the context of short-term utilization of stored energy. Conversely, catabolism of tissue stores in animals where growth is the end point of production is selfdefeating and results in lowered efficiency, although a lower percent carcass fat may be considered a desirable result.
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From page 55... ...
For example, animals that have received restricted intake will compensate with improved feed efficiency when allowed ad libitum intake. Hens formerly on restricted diets gradually renew their lipid reserves (Polin and Wolford, 1972)
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From page 56... ...
These examples emphasize the need to consider available energy in the light of environmental stress and to adjust rations to enhance efficient utilization of all nutrients.
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