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10 Fishing
Pages 254-274

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From page 254...
... SALMON FISHERIES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST Early History In the 1830s, commercial salmon fishing by non-Indians began on the Columbia River. Not many salmon were taken, because a method of storage for sale had not been perfected.
From page 255...
... Until the 1970s, ocean trolling took larger and larger shares of the chinook and coho salmon caught. The expansion of ocean fisheries placed the burden of responsibility for conservation on fishers closer to the spawning grounds, including the American Indians.
From page 257...
... Nontreaty commercial fishers use ocean trolling and nets in the lower Columbia River and Puget Sound. Most recreational charters fish the ocean using hook and line.
From page 258...
... Allocations between terminal and ocean fisheries within the Pacific Northwest states are complicated by international allocation issues. Canada and the United States have competed for Fraser River sockeye almost from the beginning of commercial fishing.
From page 259...
... The southern panel addresses issues in southern British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest states, excluding Fraser River sockeye and pinks. The Fraser panel evolved from the former International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission and manages Canadian and U.S.
From page 260...
... The pattern has been for rules to become more time-, location-, and population-specific with the effect of reducing fishing times, locations, and gear. With the listing of several salmon populations as endangered in the Snake River, the National Marine Fisheries Service takes on an even more important role in salmon management because the endangered-species authority rests with it.
From page 261...
... Sea lions and seals, abundant in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest, take salmon as far upstream as Bonneville Dam and Willamette Falls in the Columbia basin and at other places of fish concentration, such as Ballard Locks in Seattle (see Box 2-11. Palmisano et al.
From page 262...
... The convention called for Japan to abstain from fishing for salmon east of longitude 175°W to minimize its catch of North American salmon. The abstention line was subject to review by the International North Pacific Fisheries Commission to determine whether another line separated Asian and North American salmon better or divided the catch more equitably.
From page 263...
... Forty years of effort to minimize the interception of North American salmon on the high seas culminated in 1992 when Japan notified the Japan-Russia Fisheries Joint Commission of its decision to stop high-seas salmon fishing in 1992 and the United Nations adopted resolution A/RES/46/215 (February 10, 1992) ensuring a "global moratorium on all large-scale pelagic drift-net fishing .
From page 264...
... 19931. Adult tagging and scale-pattern analyses indicated that coho from southeastern Alaska and Bntish Columbia were absent or rare south of latitude 50°N between longitude 160°E and 175°W (Harris 1988~.
From page 265...
... provided historical overviews of major events and agreements. Brief discussions of the major fisheries are presented here as background to the discussion of the 1985 Pacific Salmon Treaty between Canada and the United States concerning Pacific salmon.
From page 266...
... Total catch includes catch by all gears in all areas reported to have harvested Fraser River sockeye. Source: Data provided by Pacific Salmon Commission.
From page 267...
... o o &: Q FIGURE 10-4 Total runs of Fraser River sockeye salmon since regulatory control by International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission in 1946 and proportion of total catch taken by fisheries in United States. Height of black bar indicates catch taken by United States.
From page 268...
... Height of black bar indicates catch taken by United States Total catch includes catch by all gears in all areas reported to have harvested Fraser River pink salmon. Source: Data provided by Pacific Salmon Commission except for preliminary 1993 spawning escapement value (Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans)
From page 269...
... For comparison, catch trends are relative to average catches between 1946-1950 within each region. Mean values for these regions were 4.93 million pounds Washington state landed, 457,000 fish landed in southeastern Alaska, and 536,900 fish landed by B.C.
From page 270...
... Other B.C. ocean fisheries Pacific Marine Fishery Commission fisheries Total ocean recoveries Terminal catch, Columbia River Terminal catch, Barkley Sound Total catch recoveries Freshwater escapement 28.0 7.51 15.4 0.2 51.1 17.2 68.3 31.7 4.6 5.7 8.7 9.0 38.0 60.3 39.7 aData on Robertson Creek from Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans (B.
From page 271...
... Canada believes that the interception imbalance in southeastern Alaska and northern British Columbia has worsened over time and should be redressed (Canadian Discussion Paper, presented to the Pacific Salmon Commission, Feb.
From page 272...
... all gears included) Southeast British Northwestern Population Location Alaska Columbia United States Queets Falls Coastal Washington 37.4 36.4 26.1 Cowlitz Falls Lower Columbia River 9.4 31.0 59.6 Columbia River Middle Columbia River 21.4 31.5 47.1 fall brights Hanford Reach Middle Columbia River 30.3 27.4 42.3 wild fall brightsb Lewis River Lower Columbia River 12.0 31.1 56.9 fall wild Lyons Ferry Snake River, 9.23 8.8 52.0 fall brightsC Middle Columbia River Willamette Springs Lower Columbia River 19.0 11.9 69.1 (Oregon)
From page 273...
... Annexes in the treaty provide a mechanism to limit interception of Pacific Northwest chinook and coho salmon in ocean troll fisheries, limits to interceptions of chum salmon by fisheries in southern British Columbia and Washington State, continued exploitation of Fraser River sockeye and pink salmon, and a general obligation not to initiate new interception fisheries and not to redirect existing fisheries intentionally to increase interceptions. Total catches of Fraser sockeye and pinks are limited and, unlike the previous Fraser convention, apply to U.S.
From page 274...
... The existing technocratic model for fishery management, productivity enhancement, and environmental modification has not been able to sustain salmon catches or the diversity of salmon populations. The result has been a major reduction in economic opportunity for fishers.


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