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Upstream Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest (1996) / Chapter Skim
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Index
Pages 441-452

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From page 441...
... , 134, 136, 138, 237, 244, 245-246, 259, 333 334, 349, 378 Breeding populations, see Local populations Buffers and management zones, 190- 191, 192, 193, 199, 220-221, 225, 364-365 Bureau of Land Management (BLM) , 55, 56, 378 Bureau of Reclamation, 68, 134, 245
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From page 442...
... , 132 Columbia River Basin, 33, 34 canneries, 49-50, 255 catch, 90-91, 255 dam removal, 252-253 dams, 60-61, 62, 63, 64, 93, 94, 129, 132, 133-139, 226-228, 231, 238, 239-240, 246, 367-368, 435-437, 439 fishery declines, 50, 51, 53, 75-76, 78, 90, 255 fishery management, 259-260, 346 hatchery programs, 50, 52-53, 54, 92, 99101, 102, 320-321 species interactions, 36 status of stocks, 90-103 wetland losses, 72, 184 Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority, 334 Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program, 129, 146 Columbia River Compact, 259, 260 Columbia River Fish Management Plan, 259 Columbia River Treaty, 436 Commercial fisheries, 34, 257-258 Canada-U.S. relations, 140, 258-259, 265273, 291, 292 economic value, 120, 121- 122 elimination of, 287-291 existence values in, 121 history, 49-50, 254-256, 268 limited entry, 122, 284, 291-292 participation in management.
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From page 443...
... See also Commercial fisheries; Fishing; Hydroelectric power; Logging and forestry; Urban development Economic value and valuation, 7, 80, 119-122, 138, 142, 335-336 and ESA listing decisions, 140-141 Ecosystems, see Geographic distribution; Habitat alteration and loss; Habitat management; Ocean environment; River basins and watersheds; Streams; Wetlands Edge effects, 329 Eggs, 30, 166, 175, 186, 313 Electric power, see Hydroelectric power El Nino conditions, 35, 121 Elwha Dam, 249-253
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From page 444...
... , 160 Existence values, 119, 121 Extinction, see Endangered and extinct species Exvessel prices and values, 121-122, 255, 256 F Farming, see Agriculture and farming Federal Columbia River Power System, 134 Federal court decisions, treaty rights, 49, 131, 259 Federal government hatchery programs' 50, 129' 245 management policies, 127,132,133-139,214 see also Army Corps of Engineers; Bonneville Power Administration; Bureau of Land Management; Bureau of Reclamation; Grazing Service; National Marine Fisheries Service; National Planning Board Federal lands, see Public lands Federal Power Commission, 132 INDEX Filling, 183- 185 Fish-Guidance Efficiency (FGE) , 239, 240 Fish ladders and fishways, 10 65, 231 -232, 238-240 Fishery management and policies, 12-14, 38 39, 139-142, 258-260, 285-301, 314, 324-326 adaptive management, 11, 12, 299, 323, 336-340, 353-356, 373-374, 375, 376 bioregional scales for, 79, 326-332, 339, 342, 361-362, 374, 375 control strategies, 122, 128, 284-285, 291 293, 299-300 cooperative management, 140-141, 332 336, 339-340, 342, 343, 345-346, 362, 376, 377 data collection and analysis, 82, 260 monitoring and evaluation, 129-130, 298 299, 337, 373-374 objectives and planning, 15, 129, 136-137.
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From page 445...
... 319-320, 321, 322, 372, 373 homing reduction of, 29, 148-150 metapopulation dynamics, 8, 149, 155-159 and productivity, 146, 162- 163, 296 Geographic distribution, 30-35 declines over, 75-77, 167-168, 199 of individual species, 31-33, 76 over life cycle, 29-31 Gillnetting, 122, 257, 263 Glines Canyon Dam, 249-253 Grand Coulee Dam, 64, 65, 226, 231, 243 Grande Ronde River, 346 Gravel removal, 183 Grays Harbor, 198 Grazing, 55-56, 127, 180, 189 Grazing Service, 55 Groundwater, 189- 190, 206 H Habitat alteration and loss, 8-9, 26, 164-166, 199-203 frequency of disturbances, 168, 170-175, 201 -202 445 genetic impacts, 162 human causes of, 9, 46-74 passim, 165- 166, 168-175, 176-177, 180-199 passim, 364 from natural disturbances, 165, 166- 167, 170-175, 176-177, 178 productivity impacts, 166- 169. 201 recovery times and mechanisms, 168- 169, 176-177, 178 see also Flows and flow changes; Sedimentation; Thermal regime and temperature changes; Vegetation and cover; Water quality; Woody debris Habitat Conservation Plans'(HCPs)
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From page 446...
... , 435, 436 International North Pacific Fisheries Commission, 262 International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission (Sockeye Commission) , 140, 259 Introduced fish species, 36, 194, 202, 234 Irrigation, 45, 66-70, 197, 229 J Japan fisheries, 262-265 John Day Dam and Reservoir, 65, 238, 239, 240, 242 Joint planning groups, 222, 223 Juveniles, 37, 175, 186, 188, 197 migration, 30, 70, 137, 153, 154, 197, 232, 234, 235-236, 239, 243 in stock-recruitment theory, 278 K Key watersheds, 199, 200, 327 King County, Washington, 203 Klamath River, 33, 104, 149- 150 dams, 231 irrigation projects, 68 Kokanee, 30' 155 Korea, 263 L Lake Aldwell, 251 Lake Mills, 250-251 Lake Roosevelt, 243 Lake trout, 317 Lake Washington, steelhead runs, 42-43 Landings, see Catch; Commercial fisheries Landslides, see Avalanches and landslides Larvae, see Alevins Lewis and Clark expedition, 46-47 License restrictions, 122, 284, 291-292
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From page 447...
... , 294298, 363, 369 Mining, 182- 183, 199 water quality impacts, 198-199 Mitchell Act of 1938, 52-53 Mitigation, see Substitution and mitigation strategies Mixed populations, 95, 281-283, 305 Monitoring and evaluation, 129-130, 298-299, 337, 373-374 of hatchery programs, 52, 53, 129, 302, 304, 320-321 public involvement in, 222, 223-224 of smolt survival, 236-237 use of watershed analyses in, 214, 215, 216 Mortality of salmon, 12, 16, 276, 293, 379 and climate change, 41 dam-related, 65-66, 68, 231-237 hatchery-raised fish, 310, 312 related to fishing, 12, 254, 260-261, 263, 265, 268, 270, 272 after spawning, 29-30 see also Predation N National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) , 159-160, 234, 258, 260, 324-325, 341, 343, 344, 349, 376-377 National Planning Board (NPB)
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From page 448...
... relations, 268-273 diversification of activities, 122 by Japan, 262-265 Ocean environment, 23, 29, 35, 39-45 density-dependent growth and survival, 39, 44-45 duration of residence, 30-31 interdecadal climate changes, 5, 39, 40-44 productivity impacts, 3, 5, 122, 361 Old-growth forest, 56-60, 195 Option values, 120-121, 123 Oregon coastal salmon stocks, 86-87, 103-109 passe, 184 economic values, 120, 121 fishery management, 128, 259 gravel removal operations, 183 hatchery programs, 50, 51, 306 tax incentive program, 223 watershed analysis projects, 214 wetland losses, 71 Oregon and Washington Fish Propagating Company, 50 INDEX p Pacific Fishery Management Council (PFMC) , 139-140, 258, 260, 285, 287, 331, 333, 335, 344 Pacific Northwest Electric Power and Planning Conservation Act (Northwest Power Act)
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From page 449...
... , see Grazing Reclamation Act, 68 Recreational areas, 181 Recreational fishing, 121, 122, 194, 255, 257, 259-260, 290 economic value, 120, 122 Redds, see Spawning areas and reads Redfish Lake, endangered sockeye population, 53 Redside shiners, 194 Refugia, 199 Rehabilitation strategies, 3, 27, 207, 209, 211, 315-316, 364, 366 hatcheries' role in, 315-318, 321 -322, 371 372 Reproductive units, see Local populations Reservoirs, 9-10, 226, 227, 234, 242, 438-440 drawdowns, 246-248 and introduced fish species, 36 temperature changes, 229-230 Resource planning, 131 - 139 Restoration programs, 26, 204-211 passim costs to hydropower customers, 134- 136, 238, 243-246, 259, 331, 375 involving property owners, 224 449 Riparian Tax Incentive Program (RIPTIP) , 223 River basins and watersheds, 34-39, 327-329 habitat assessment, 213-217 juvenile adaptability to conditions, 37 species interactions, 35-36 see also Columbia River Basin; Fraser River Basin; Puget Sound Basin; Sacramento River Basin Rivers, 35, 327.
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From page 450...
... 123 Splash dams, 58, 59, 195, 231 Sport fishing, see Recreational fishing Squawfish, 36, 198, 232, 234, 240 Squid, 263* 265 State governments hatchery programs, 50, 129 resource management, 343-344 Status of stocks, 2-3, 75-77 coastal rivers, 2-3, 76, 103-114 Columbia River Basin, 90-103 INDEX Fraser River Basin, 82-86 Puget Sound Basin, 78, 86-90 risk assessments, 75, 77, 79-82 use of historical records, 77-78 Steelhead trout, 194, 260 geographic distribution, 33, 83, 89, 94, 95, 102, 107-108, 264-265 and hatchery programs, 53, 89, 99- 101 life cycle, 30, 31 Stem elects, 329-332, 340, 344 Step changes, 43-44 Stock-recruitment functions, 276-285, 286-287 Stocks, as management units, 12- 13, 78-79, 148.
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From page 451...
... , 239 Volcanoes, 102, 174- 175 W Walla Walla River, 68, 99 Wanapum Dam, 238, 240 Washington coastal salmon stocks, 86-87, 103, 104, 107, 109-110 fishery management, 128, 131, 259 watershed analysis projects, 214 wetland losses, 71, 185 Water budget, 137- 138. 243-247 Water quality, 164 pollution sources and impacts.
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From page 452...
... 452 Wetlands, 70-72, 184- 185 Wildfires, 166, 172-173 Willamette River, 34, 195, 197- 198, 322 Willapa Bay, 347 hatchery programs, 110- 111 status of stocks, 110- 114 Windthrows, 166, 172-173 Woody debris, 166, 187, 194- 196, 206 salvage logging of, 57-58, 60 INDEX y Yakima River, 34, 95, 346 hatchery projects, 318-319 irrigation projects, 95 z Zooplankton, 41
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Key Terms

  • river basin
  • columbia river
  • fishery management
  • geographic distribution
  • wetland losses

  • ocean environment
  • local populations
  • river basins
  • historical records
  • watershed analysis

  • hydroelectric power
  • fraser river
  • woody debris
  • commercial fisheries
  • genetic diversity

  • puget sound
  • fish species
  • natural disturbances
  • treaty rights
  • salmon stocks

  • pacific salmon
  • analysis projects
  • species interactions
  • recreational fishing
  • temperature changes

  • smolt survival
  • watershed analyses
  • economic values
  • fisheries commission
  • coastal salmon


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