Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Universities A Profile (1995) / Chapter Skim
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3 The Colleges of Agriculture: Academic Programs and Demographics of Students and Graduates
3 The Colleges of Agriculture: Academic Programs and Demographics of Students and Graduates
Pages 34-57
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From page 34... ...
When the Morrill Act of 1862 was enacted, the framers undoubtedly intended that a teacher would be hired by the college to teach practical skills in farming and the mechanical arts. In keeping with the tradition of the European educational system, that would mean hiring a "professor of agriculture" someone with extensive, broadbased knowledge of the subject-to lead a cadre of support staff to help carry out the teaching function.
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From page 35... ...
The major education grants administered by the USDA Office of Higher Education include: the higher education challenge grants program ($4 million in 1995~; the higher education multicultural scholars program ($1 million in 1995~; the 1890 institution capacity building grants program (about $9 million in 1995~; and the USDA food and agricultural sciences national needs graduate fellowship grants program ($3.5 million in 1995) (National Association of State Universities and LandG ra nt Col leges, 1995~.
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From page 36... ...
Plant physiology e Soil Sciences Soil sciences, general Soil chemistry Soil conservation Soil management and fertility Agricultural Business and Management Agricultural business and management, general Agricultural business Agricultural economics Education, Communication, and Social Sciences Agricultural sciences, other Pre-veterinary medicine Veterinary medicine Embryology Endocrinology Animal pathology Ar~imal pharmacology Animal sciences, other Plant protection (integrated pest management) Turf management science Landscape architecture Plant pharmacology Plant sciences, other Soil microbiology Soil physics Soil sciences, other Farm and ranch management Agricultural business and management, other International agriculture, general Extension education Rural sociology, general Ag ricu Itu ra I com m u n ications/ journalism, general Natural Resources Fisheries science Range management Renewable natural resources conservation, general Environmental science/studies Natural resources management and policy Natu ra I resou rces law enforcement and protective services 36 Education, communication, social sciences, other Wildlife and wildlands management Parks, recreation, and leisure studies Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management Water resources Natural resources, other LAND GRANT COEEEGES OF AGRICUETURE: A PROFIEE
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From page 37... ...
and about 22 thousand graduate students (~2 percent) were enrolled at land grant colleges of agriculture (Table 3-1~., ~ To provide information representative of 100 percent response, extrapolation was accom plished by applying the percent change by major area and degree level observed in institu tions reporting in both 1992 and 1993 to responses from institutions that did not respond in either year.
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From page 38... ...
Agricultural programs include natural resources, and forestry sciences; "other" includes any nonagricultural program such as chemistry, geography, geology, home economics, psychology, sociology, statistics, etc. SOURCE: Data are from the Food and Agricultural Education Information System (FAEIS)
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From page 39... ...
TABLE 3-2 Fall Enrollment, by Region, at Land Grant Colleges of Agriculture, 1990 and 1992 Undergraduate Graduate University 1990 1992 1990 1992 North-Central Southern Illinois State U.70078898104 U of Illinois1,8151,897595629 Purdue U.1,8392,042439516 Iowa State U.2,2482,392635797 Kansas State U.1,4401,634367406 Michigan State U.2,5072,521682782 U
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From page 40... ...
Nonetheless, graduate student enrollment in agricultural sciences has been losing ground versus other areas of science. In 1981 graduate enrollment in agricultural sciences (not including agricultural economics or agricultural engineering)
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From page 41... ...
More than 40 percent of graduate student enrollment was concentrated in a slightly different list of ten land grant colleges (Table 3-4~. Overall, less than 15 percent of the schools enroll 40 percent of the land grant college of agriculture students.
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From page 42... ...
~Southern, 6,230 (30.9%) FIGURE 3-2 The regional breakdown of undergraduate enrollment at land grant colleges of agriculture in the fall of 1992 shows nearly 60 percent of undergraduate enrollment evenly distributed between the north-central and southern regions.
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From page 43... ...
TABLE 3-4 The Ten Land Grant Colleges of Agriculture Leading in Total College of Agriculture Graduate Enrollment, Fall 1992 Including Other Programs and Excluding Separately Administered Schools and Co l l eg es of Fo restry N u mber Percenta Excluding Other Programs and Separately Administered Schools and Colleges of Forestry Number Percenta Including Separately Administered Schools amd Colleges of Forestry and Excluding Other Programs Number Percenta U of Wisconsin1,256 61,242 71,242 6 Texas A&M U.1,254 61,254 71,254 6 Cornell U.1,128 61,128 61,128 5 U
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From page 44... ...
· In 1992, of all students graduating from all degree programs in the food, agriculture, and natural resources disciplines, 73 percent received bachelor's degrees (Figure 3-3~. Natural resources and agricultural business and management (especially agricultural economics)
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From page 45... ...
5,823 (25.8) Degree Programs Bachelor's, 19,426 (73.0%)
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From page 46... ...
. TABLE 3-8 Percent of Degrees in Various Agriculture Disciplines Conferred by Non-Land Grant Universities, by Degree Program, 1992 Degree Program - Al l Degree Discipline Associate's Bachelor's Master's Doctorate Programs General agriculture 7 39 71 0 42 Animal sciences 9 19 7 2 16 Plant sciences 4 20 8 2 14 Soil sciences 0 36 8 0 16 Agricultural business and management 1 28 7 3 24 Social sciences 0 25 10 2 20 Natural Resources 0 25 32 17 26 Agricultural engineering/mechanization 0 21 12 0 17 Food Sciences 22 13 2 0 9 Related sciences 0 1 1 0 1 Other 0 18 6 0 16 Total 5 21 14 4 18 NOTE: "Other" includes any nonagricultural program offered by the college of agriculture such as chemistry, geography, geology, home economics, psychology, sociology, statistics, etc.
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From page 47... ...
· There was a slight decline between 1985 and 1992 in the number of degree programs in most agricultural and renewable natural resource specializations offered at land grant colleges of agriculture, particularly at undergraduate and master's degree levels (Figures 3-5 through 3-7~. · Using Table 3-9 to more closely examine specific areas of specialization, data indicate a decline in the number of programs in traditional agricultural specializations like dairy and poultry science.
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From page 49... ...
TABLE 3-9 Number of Degree Programs in Agricultural Science and Renewable Natural Resource Specializations at Land Grant Institutions, 1984-1985 and 1991-1992 Degree Program Bachelor's Specialization Agricultural business and management Agricultural business/management, general Agricultural business Agricultural economics Farm and ranch management Agricultural business/management, other Agricultura I products/processing, genera I Nonfood products Agricultural products/processing, other Floristry farm and garden supp, gen other Tota I Agricultural mechanics Agricultural mechanics, general Ag ricu Itu ra I e I ect/power/contro Is Agricultural mech/const/maint skills Agricultural power machinery Ag ricu Itu ra I structu res/eq u i pment/faci I ities Soil and water mechanical practices Agricultural mechanics, other Tota I Agricultural services and supplies Agricultural services and supplies, general Agricultural services Agricultural supplies marketing Agricultural services and supplies, other Tota I International agriculture Agricultural sciences Agricultural production, general 1 Agricultural production, other Agricultural sciences, general Tota I Animal sciences Animal production Aq uacu Iture Animal sciences, general Animal breeding and genetics Animal health Animal nutrition Animal physiology Dairy science Fisheries science Livestock science Poultry science Animal sciences, other Animal technology Tota I Food sciences Food products Food sciences, general Dairy processing Food distribution Food engineering Food packaging Food technology Food sciences, other Food processing technology Tota I 1984-85 1991 -92 1984-85 12 16 49 o o o o 90 1 1 16 45 3 2 1 o 1 o 84 17 15 O O O O O O O O 0 2 2 3 19 20 1 o o o 3 o 34 35 1 o 56 1 1 1 o 15 4 o 15 4 o 98 1 27 3 o o o 5 2 o 38 PROGRAMS AND DEMOGRAPHICS o 1 o o 1 3 1 o 33 34 o 2 57 o 2 o o 12 o o 13 6 o 92 33 o o o o o o 1 36 Master's Doctorate 1991 -92 1984-85 1991 -92 48 1 1 1 o o o 63 4 o o o o o 1 5 o o o o o 1 1 o 12 13 1 1 48 1 2 3 1 14 3 o 15 3 o 92 o 26 o o 1 o 2 2 o 31 1 1 47 1 1 2 o o o 60 o o o o o 1 4 o o o o o 1 9 1 1 45 2 2 1 o 12 o o 7 5 o 76 o 31 o o o o o o o 31 1 o 26 o o 1 o o o 31 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 1 1 o 1 28 1 2 1 6 3 o 8 2 o 53 o 19 o o 1 o 2 2 o 24 o 27 o o 2 o o o 36 o o o o o 1 o 1 o o o o o o o o 1 1 o 1 31 2 2 o 4 o o 6 3 o 50 o 25 o o o o o o o 25 continues 49
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From page 50... ...
TABLE 3-9 Continued Degree Program Bachelor's Master's Doctorate Specialization1984-851991-921984-851991-921984-851991-92 Plant sciences Crop production011211 Horticulture, general8106734 Arboricu Itu re000000 Floriculture050301 Greenhouse operation and management000000 Landscaping250000 Nursery operation and management000000 Turf management010000 Horticulture, other110011 Plant sciences, general161311859 Agronomy363535343130 Horticulture292828271719 Ornamental horticulture18016090 Plant breeding and genetics004050 Plant pathology506050 Plant physiology000010 Plant protection (pest management) 869712 Range management121210976 Turf management science000000 Plant sciences, other363312 Plant genetics212323 Plant pathology6523292126 Plant physiology104457 Total147129158136115111 Soil sciences Soil sciences, general232219271418 Soil chemistry001000 Soil conservation000000 Soil management and fertility002020 Soil microbiology000010 Soil physics000010 Soil sciences, other202020 Tota 1252224272018 Agricultural sciences, other Agribusiness and production, other974211 Agricultural sciences, other686421 Total151510632 Renewable natural resources Renewable natural resources, general2521171566 Renewable natural resources, other452411 Total2926191977 Conservation and regulation Conservation and regulation, general130000 Conservation220201 Resources protection and regulation000000 Conservation and regulation, other110000 Tota 1460201 Fishing and fisheries Fishing and fisheries, general3103925 Fisheries705010 Fishing and fisheries, other101010 Tota 111109945 Forestry production and processing Forestry production and processing, general443344 Forest production000000 Forest products utilization100000 Forest products processing technology210000 Pulp and paper production100000 Forestry production and processing, other220000 Tota 11073344 50 continues LAND GRANT COLLEGES OF AGRICULTURE: A PROFILE
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From page 51... ...
1994. Fall 1993 Enrollment in Agriculture, Renewable Natural Resources and Forestry: A Combined Report.
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From page 52... ...
52 General agriculture Animal sciences Plant sciences Soil sciences Agricultural business and management International agriculture Natural resources Forest sciences Agricultural engineering/mechanization Food sciences Related biological/physical sciences General agriculture Animal sciences Plant sciences Soil sciences Agricultural business and management International agriculture Natural resources Forest sciences Agricultu ral engineering/mechanization Food sciences Related biological/physical sciences General agriculture Animal sciences Plant sciences Soil sciences Agricultural business and management International agriculture Natural resources Forest sciences Agricultural engineering/mechanization Food sciences Related biological/physical sciences 1 984-85 1 1 199 1-92 o 100 200 Number of bachelor's degree programs _' 1 984-85 1 1 199 1-92 300 0 50 100 150 200 250 Number of master's degree programs = 5_ 1 984-85 ~1 1991-92 o 50 100 150 200 Number of doctorate degree programs LAND GRANT COLLEGES OF AGRICULTURE: A PROFILE
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From page 53... ...
Within the agricultural science community, only in food sciences are women, at 22.5 percent, nearly as well represented as they are in science in general. TABLE 3-10 Number of Employed Scientists Holding Doctorate Degrees, by Discipline, 1973, 1979, 1985, 1991 Yea r Discipline19731979 1985 1991 Agricultural sciences Agricultural economics314993 1,835 2,200 Animal sciences2,1842,909 3,612 4,148 Plant and soil sciences6,2858,016 9,687 10,751 Forestry and wildlife management1,3462,211 2,510 2,811 Food sciences653915 1,430 1,944 Subtota 110,78215,044 (40)
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From page 54... ...
Discipline Male White and Over Citizen Agricultural sciences 90.0 86.3 19.9 92.8 Agricultural economics 91.4 85.6 5.8 88.6 Animal sciences 89.8 90.2 17.9 93.1 Plant and soil sciences 90.7 86.3 23.5 93.7 Forestry and wildlife management 92.5 93.9 22.9 95.5 Food sciences 80.5 65.1 16.9 87.9 Life sciences 73.6 87.8 15.3 95.5 Natural sciences 83.6 86.3 18.0 93.6 All sciences 78.3 87.7 18.1 94.4 SOURCE: Data are from the National Research Council, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel's biennial surveys of doctorate recipients. · Although the differences may not be statistically significant, it appears that relative to other areas of science a slightly higher percentage of agricultural scientists are more than 55 years old and a slightly lower percentage are U.S.
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From page 55... ...
TABLE 3-13 Women and Ethnic Minority Scientists (percent) Holding Doctorate Degrees, 1973, 1979, 1985, 1991 Year Discipline 1973 1979 1985 1991 Women Agricultural sciences 1.3 2.6 5.5 9.3 Agricultural economics 0.6 1.7 5.2 12.5 Animal sciences 1.1 2.7 4.8 8.4 Plant and soil sciences 1.1 1.8 4.9 7.9 Forestry and wildlife management 0.0 0.2 2.2 7.1 Food sciences 7.0 16.3 17.8 18.4 Life sciences 12.7 15.8 21.3 26.7 Natural sciences 6.8 8.9 12.5 16.4 All sciences 8.9 12.3 17.0 21.6 Ethnic Minorities Agricultural sciences 6.3 11.0 12.0 11.8 Ag ricu Itu ra I econom its 7.0 13.3 15.1 11.5 Animal sciences 2.3 6.5 8.2 9.4 Plant and soil sciences 7.7 12.2 11.5 10.1 Forestry a nd wi Id I if e ma nagement 1.1 4.1 5.1 5.9 Food sciences 12.7 30.2 32.8 35.4 Life sciences 6.3 8.8 9.8 11.3 Natural sciences 5.7 9.0 10.8 12.4 All sciences 5.4 8.1 9.9 11.2 SOURCE: Data are from the National Research Council, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel's biennial surveys of doctorate recipients.
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From page 56... ...
Could system-wide efficiencies be realized through increased specialization by individual colleges in the offering of specific degrees? What are the future relative roles of land grant colleges of agriculture and non land grants in educating students in agriculture, food, and natural resource fields?
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From page 57... ...
Educating the Next Generation of Agricultural Scientists. Wash ington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1988.
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