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Pages 259-269

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From page 259...
... Index A environment policy of mining companies, 166-167 Accountability, environmental environmental audit of multinational accountancy for, 26, 185-186 corporation, 137-143 Aluminum environmental disclosure, 186-188 characteristics, 149 environmental goals, 1-2 industrial ecology implementation, environmental leadership, 132 149-153 environmental learning curve, 8 industrial energy consumption, 149 inadequate accounting systems, 189 public perception of industry, 152-153 incentives for environmental recycling, 149, 151, 152 accounting, 191-192 Aquaculture, 85 incentives for environmental protection, Asset recovery, 22-23, 96 191-192 Auto industry incentives for sustainable practices, ecological design, 213-214, 215 101, 105-106 life cycle analysis, 124-131 industrial ecology domains, 150-151 materials recovery market, 18 information tools for environmental decision making, 3-4 B inventory systems, 21-22 measuring environmental performance, Bans, 7 26-27, 133, 134, 146 Business management obstacles to efficient material customer satisfaction assessment, 133, management, 44 134, 143-145 organizational issues for environmental decision-making processes, 185-186 accounting, 190-191 distribution of cost information within public opinion, 216 firm, 43 259
From page 260...
... 260 INDEX setting site-specific environmental Contingent valuation, 201 goals, 140 Costs of environmental impacts shift to functionality economy, 95-96, asset recovery, 23 98-99 challenges in estimating, 5 stakeholder interests, 134, 185 consumer attitudes, 28 strategic environmental auditing, current distribution, 5 134-137 current regulatory policy, 5-7 structural trends, 101 effects of product design for recycling, supplier chain management, 20-21 28 for sustainable service economy, 96-98 environmental cost accounting, 24-26, systems-based problem-solving 43 approach, 50 environmental reporting in annual trade codes and practices, 107-108 reports, 186-188 trends in environmental thinking, 101, implementing environmental 104-105, 107-108, 146, 148, 185 accounting in businesses, 188-192 virtual firms, 107 market allocation mechanisms, 7 See also Financial management; Private in national accounting systems, 29, sector 51-57 in private sector decision making, 105-106 C quantification in accounting, 194 Chlorofluorocarbons, 7, 134, 219 recycling credits in paper industry, alternative development, 20-21 228 Command and control regulation, 5 research needs, 193-194 Conservation, 2 strategies for, 105 Consumer attitudes/behaviors sustainability perspective, 92 activism, 217 total cost assessment methodology, corporate support for sustainability 189-190 based on, 104 valuation for market analysis, 87, 125 customer satisfaction measurement, waste management economics, 43 133, 134, 143-145 Critical technology lists, 69 environmental concerns, 152-153, 216 environmental considerations in D purchasing, 217-218, 224 global patterns, 94 Data collection and management green taxes, 208, 218 barriers to effective waste management, in Japan, 237 43-44 international variation, 212-213, consumer attitudes, 27-28 215-219 for corporate audit, 137 response to green advertising, 219-220, for environmental accounting, 24-26, 224 43, 188-190 significance of, 2, 27 for environmental protection, 24 in sustainable service economy, 98 for environmental protection plan, trends, 27-28, 212, 217-218, 224 163-164 variations in U.S., 220 environmental reporting in annual See also Public awareness and reports, 186-188 understanding government role, 4, 29
From page 261...
... gas, 81-82 business leadership for, 132 cost allocation for improving efficiency, conservation vs. technological strategies 78 for, 2 delivery system in United Kingdom, 88 market-based mechanisms for, 7 end-use case study, 77-80 public opinion, 208
From page 262...
... national economies, 70 n.2 technology development, 29 in waste management, 43 See also Policy making and Functionality economy, 23-24 implementation; Regulatory definition, 91 environment future prospects, 98-99 Green Party, 156, 213, 214
From page 263...
... See also Kalundborg Life cycle analysis, 105 (Denmark) industrial project applications, 20, 106, 242 system complexity, 149 of buildings, 78 U.S.
From page 264...
... 264 INDEX impact analysis in, 225 green advertising, 219-220 information needs, 240-241 industrial ecology approach, 152 international scientific exchange on, in use-based economy, 98-99 124 Materials management Japanese policy and implementation, achievements of industrial symbiosis 236, 240, 241-242 projects, 120-122 limitations, 19-20, 129 chemical-use evaluations, 19 of manufacturing processes, 129-130 consumption of nonrenewable in materials management, 19-20 resources, 52 procedure, 241 corporate culture as obstacle to in pulp and paper industry, 226-231 efficiency, 44 sensitivity analysis in, 127 designing for multiple-product cycles, sensitivity of data in, 232 12-13, 40 service and maintenance considerations, government role, 29 22-23 for higher resource efficiency, 93-94 software for automobile design, industrial ecology in aluminum 124-131 industry, 149-153 strategies, 238-240 industrial synergetic/symbiotic trends, 8, 225-226 relationships, 10-11 Linear thinking, 92 legal obstacles to efficiency, 45-46 life cycle assessment, 19-20 in natural systems, 8, 37-38, 242-243 M opportunities for environmental Mail-order businesses, 22 protection, 18-20 Market functioning product responsibility loops, 93 current distribution of environmental regulatory obstacles to efficiency, costs, 5 44-45, 75 energy cost allocation, 78 selection of materials, 18-19 environmental management significance of, for environmental mechanisms, 7 protection, 8 historical evolution of corporate strategies, 8, 46 entities, 102 for sustainability, 52-53 home energy efficiency rating, 78-79 in sustainable service economy, 96-98 limitations of recycling strategies, 93, synthetic substitutes for natural 95 resources, 52 metals recycling, 41-42 system requirements for efficiency, optimization of production, 94 10-12 problems of oversupply, 94-95 systems approach, 8-10, 39 stakeholder interests of corporations, trends, 38-39 102 waste streams, 38 valuation of environmental impacts, 87, See also Recycling and reuse; Waste 125 management Marketing of goods and services Measurement ecolabeling, 217, 220, 225 in complex systems, 149 functionality basis, 23 of customer satisfaction, 133, 134, global variation in public environmental 143-145 awareness, 218-219 design considerations, 27
From page 265...
... INDEX 265 of economic system success, 95, 96 regulatory environment, 165-166 ecoscarcity method, 128 waste generation, 177-178 environmental audit of multinational waste site cleanup, 170-174 corporation, 137-143 Multinational corporations environmental performance of environmental performance evaluation, corporations, 26-27, 133, 134 137-138 goals, 27, 133, 146 global variation in public environmental of home energy efficiency, 78-79 awareness, 218-219 importance of, 132 setting site-specific environmental measurability considerations, 27 goals, 140 of national economic performance, 29, trends, 1-2 51-57 process measures, 133, 134 N of public perceptions, 201-207 quantification in environmental Natural capital/resources accounting, 194 components, 70 n.4 of recycling rate, 244 consumption in Japan, 237 report formats, 141-142 economic valuation, 52, 70 n.5, 105, of resource efficiency, 93 125 strategic environmental auditing, environmental performance evaluation, 134-137 134 of sustainable resource use, 52-53 historical trends in consumption, 52 systems approach, 134 metabolic model of consumption, 57-61 in total quality environmental optimization of use, 74 management, 133 substitutability, 52 in toxic release inventory, 134 sustainable use, 52-53 Metals industry U.S. consumption trends, 56 economics of recycling, 41-42, 43 Nuclear power, 82, 214, 230 industrial ecology implementation, 149-153 O information needs for waste management efficiency, 43-44 Obsolescence, 22 recycling technology, 42 zinc contamination in recycled steel, 42 P Microdynamic technologies, 68 Mining Packaging corporate environment policy, 166-167 aluminum, 152 environmental impacts in process of, consumer evaluation of environmental 174-179 performance, 143, 144-145 exploration phase, 174-175 ecolabeling, 217 mine closure and rehabilitation, environmentally friendly, 146 n.3 179-180 life cycle analysis, 242 organizational structure and operations, opportunities for environmental 167-170, 176-179 improvement, 21 policy issues, 175-176, 178-179 Paper industry, 219 public perception, 165 carbon cycle, 230-231 reclamation bonds, 180 energy consumption, 229-230
From page 266...
... conservation economics, 156 for, 2 environmental protection plan, 154, tradeable permits program, 7 162-164 Population growth, 56 monitoring, 164 Prices North Sea project, 154-164 economics of recycling, 93 project planning, 156 energy, 85 supplier chain management, 21 environmental costs in, 5 technical challenges in environmentally Private sector sensitive area, 157-162 boundary definitions in sustainable Plastics, 219 economy, 110-111 design for recycling/reuse, 19 goals conflict with sustainability, technology partnerships, 21 103-104 Policy making and implementation historical evolution, 102 consumer activism, 217 need for systems-ecology perspective, critical technology lists, 69 50 evolutionary model of environmental profit-seeking goals, 102-103 perspectives, 51-52 prospects for implementing sustainable federal funding of R&D, 65-66 practices, 108-110 hierarchical model of industrial system public interest behaviors in, 102-103 interactions, 49-50 technology needs of sustainable for higher resource efficiency, 93-94 economy, 104-105 of home energy efficiency rating, 79-80 See also Business management; Market for implementing sustainable economy, functioning 110-111 Product design in Japan, 234-246 commonality principle, 96-98 lack of global perspective, 1 demand-side concept of quality, 98 metabolic process analysis, 61 design for environment tools, 125-126 for mining industry, 175-176, 178-179 life cycle approach, 2, 12-13 pipeline project planning and, 156 for multiple-product cycles, 12-13, 40 political context of ecological spending, product definition for, 13-16, 32 n.6, 59-61 125 post–Cold War, 65 for recycling/reuse, 18, 22-23, 28, 39 product take-back systems, 106-107 reducing materials use in, 18 significance of public perception for, for sustainable service economy, 96 200 upgradability/interchangability of parts, state vs. federal mandates, 213 16, 96-98 systems-based problem-solving Product stewardship, 8 approach, 50 Production design technoeconomic paradigms, 66-69 electricity generation, 80-82 See also Government activities; environmental learning curve, 8 Regulatory environment green, 1
From page 267...
... INDEX 267 life cycle analysis of environmental barriers to, in metals markets, 42-46 effects, 129-130 corporate culture as obstacle to, 44 opportunities for environmental economic limitations, 93, 95 protection, 18 goals, 243-244 trends in materials management, 39 Japanese policy and practice, 235-236, Professional associations 243-244 for life cycle analysis, 124 lead products, 39 trade codes and practices, 107-108 legal obstacles to, 45-46 Public awareness and understanding market functioning, 43 assessment of, 28-29 materials management for, 18-19 current environmental reporting measuring, 244 practices of businesses, 186-188 metals markets, 41-42 demographic differences, 220 in paper industry, 228-229 developing risk communications policy approaches, 7-8 materials for, 207-208 product design for, 18, 28 difficulties in predicting, 201-202 product take-back programs, 106-107, employee role in influencing, 152-153 108, 214 environmental goals of Japanese public practice, 217 industry, 249 recycle society concept, 236-238 environmental reporting in annual regulatory obstacles to, 44-45 reports, 186 suitability of materials for, 42 environmental risk assessments, Regulatory environment 201-202 allocation of environmental costs, 5 in Europe, 213, 214, 222 command and control approach, 5 home energy efficiency rating, 78-79 corporate compliance auditing, 134-137 implications for industrial ecology, European, 213-215 208-209 flexibility of, 3 in Japan, 222 fragmentary nature, 213 measurement techniques, 203-207 inadequacies in, 5-6, 109 mental models of risk processes, incentive-based approach, 6-7, 105-106 203-206, 211 in Japan, 215 moral issues in, 208, 209 for mining industry, 165-166, 175-176 risk communication, 29 obstacles to efficient waste on role of business in environmental management, 44-45, 75 protection, 216 recycling mandates, 7-8 significance of, 3-4, 152-153, 200 take-back provisions, 108, 214 waste composition, 219 transition to self-organizing sustainable waste incineration concerns, 83 economy, 109-110, 111 See also Consumer attitudes and See also Policy making and behaviors implementation Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 44 R Risk assessment Radon, 103-105 developing risk communications Recycling and reuse, 3 materials, 207-208 in aluminum industry, 149, 151, 152 as measure of environmental asset recovery for, 22-23, 96, 106-107 performance, 26
From page 268...
... industrial Technology partnerships, 20-21 project, 117 Total cost assessment, 189-190 prospects for private sector Total quality environmental management, implementation, 108-111 133 service economy for, 95-96 Toxic release inventory, 20, 134 sociopolitical evolution to, 51-52, 125 Transportation of goods strategies for energy systems, 74 ecological trends, 213-214 technoeconomic paradigms for, 68-69 metabolic model of consumption, 57-59 technology for, 104-105 opportunities for environmental improvement, 22 political economy, 61 T U.S. consumption trends, 56 Taxes for environmental management, 7 U public opinion, 208, 218 United Kingdom policy, 214 Utility elicitation, 201 Technology barriers to recycling, 42 W critical technology lists, 69 design for environment tools, 125-126 Wadden Sea pipeline project, 154-164 development of technoeconomic Waste management paradigms, 66-69 disposal costs, 43 diffusion and transfer, 109, 249 economics of, 41-42, 43 electricity production, 80-82 electricity production from waste, 83
From page 269...
... INDEX 269 historical development, 37 suitability of materials for recycling, 42 industrial practice in Japan, 235 sustainability perspective, 92 information needs, 43-44 traditional linear conceptualization, 92 Japanese policy, 235-236 use of reject heat from electricity mine cleanup, 170-174 generation, 83-85 mining process, 177-178 See also Materials management; need for, 37 Recycling and reuse political economy of water, 61 Water problematic components in materials, economic metabolism, 61 42 political economy, 61 product design for, 16-18 resource management evaluation, 134


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