Environmental Issues in Pacific Northwest Forest Management (2000) / Chapter Skim
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7 Forest Management and Rural Communities in the Pacific Northwest
7 Forest Management and Rural Communities in the Pacific Northwest
Pages 160-170
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From page 160... ...
Throughout Me United States, nonmetropolitan areas almost always have higher poverty levels than do metropolitan areas (RSS 1993~. And although nonmetropolitan areas in the Pacific Northwest have lower incomes and higher poverty rates relative to metropolitan counties, they have fared well compared with persistent poverty areas of the South, Southwest, 760
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From page 161... ...
conclude that there is a "long term trend toward capital intensiveness in the wood products industry. The substitution of capital for labor in production means the loss of jobs." Hibbard and Elias (1993)
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From page 162... ...
The job Toss issue thus becomes more of a distributional nature, with rural communities declining as more developed areas expand." The next section looks more closely at the specific social and economic outcomes of timber dependency in the Pacific Northwest. TIMBER DEPENDENCY AND COMMUNITY WELL BE/NO The committee was asked to "evaluate to the extent possible the nature
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From page 163... ...
Timber-dependent counties tend to have lower birth rates, higher death rates, greater age dependency, higher infant mortality, and lower growth rates than other counties. Some evidence points to poorer health care, fewer churches and more arrests.
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found that the unemployment rate in wilderness counties (counties that either contain or are adjacent to counties that contain federally managed wilderness areas) is wed below the national average.
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D/VERS/F/CAT/ON /N RURAL COMMUN/T/ES OF THE PAC/F/C NORTHWEST As industries such as agriculture, mining, and forestry decline as employers and sources of income, economic diversification in rural America has emerged as an urgent need. Diverse economic conditions create cliverse opportunities ancl thus temper the effects of timber industry fluctuations on local communities (Kuse]
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From page 166... ...
The signs of economic diversification evident in economic trend data can be easily overlooked, because the logging culture permeates the Pacific Northwest. Log trucks and melts are obvious, but small businesses and home-based employment are not.
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From page 167... ...
concluded that "in almost every aspect measurable by census data, tourism employment is substantially inferior—not only to employment throughout Montana's economy but to comparable retail trade and personal services" (Barrett 1987~. Such aspects include highly erratic seasonal employment, a high percentage of women and young adults in the work force, and an average income half of the Montana average.
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From page 168... ...
1986~. Tn-migration by retirees brings new income into rural economies in the form of retirement income earned elsewhere.
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Although not large in absolute or even relative terms, those job losses create hardship for the individuals who lost them. Persistent poverty, historic job loss, and current job loss are all having real effects.
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From page 170... ...
in addition, a rise in the relative importance of income derived from the recreation sector and transfer payments has benefitted rural communities. The importance of timber-related income in the region's economy has continued to fall as the economic base has diversified and forest products firms have become more efficient.
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