Nursing, Health, and the Environment (1995) / Chapter Skim
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5 Nursing Research
5 Nursing Research
Pages 103-120
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From page 103... ...
312) Implicit in the Healthy People 2000 objectives is the recognition that within the next decade, research is certain to provide a better understanding of the relationship between exposure to environmental hazards and adverse health outcomes.
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From page 104... ...
Understanding the complex relationship between human behavior and the physical and biological environmental hazards with the aim of assisting in bringing about the requisite changes in societal action and human behavior is the major focus of nursing in environmental health. The knowledge generated from nursing research provides information on how humans achieve health, respond to threats to their health, and cope with disease, as well as how to treat disease.
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From page 105... ...
Knowledge essential to this clinical practice is that derived from nursing research as well as the more traditional areas of environmental health research such as human disease manifestation, risk assessment, and risk management. Nurses in clinical practice need to have knowledge of these traditional realms to recognize and identify hazards, but they also must know how to control the quality of the physical environment and to effect change in human behavior (whether it be an individual's lifestyle or policy-making)
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From page 106... ...
For the purposes of the review, nursing research grants were defined as environmental health and occupational health projects if they could be directly related to clinical nursing practice and to the discipline of nursing (i.e., nurse principal investigator and funded by a nursing organization or conducted in a unit of higher education with a formal professional nursing education program, such as a school of public health)
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From page 107... ...
of Environmental Funded ResearchParameters Citations Health Government Agencies Department of Defense Grants involving 30 2 nurses, 1993-1994 National Institute of Grants active in 1994 737 0 Environmental Health ~ ~clences National Institute Grants active in 1993 98 0 of Justice National Institute for Grants active in 1993 500 6 Nursing Research National Institute for Grants involving 2 1 Occupational Safety nurses, 1990-1994 and Health Subtotal 1,367 9 Professional or Private Research Organizations American Cancer All environmentally Society related grants, 1990-1993 American Heart All awards to individuals, Association American Association of Occupational Health Nurses American Nurses Foundation Association of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Neonatology Oncology Nursing Society Sigma Theta Tau International 345 0 1992-1993 Environmentally related research, 1990-1994 All grants, 1990-1993 109 All grants, 1990-1994 All grants, 1990-1994 95 All grants, 1990-1993 68 2,476 0 8 24 0 Subtotal 3,125 12 TOTAL 4,492 21
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From page 108... ...
Government agencies, professional nursing organizations, and private organizations participated in funding of the grants and published research articles. The results of the content analysis of the 35 projects and publications identified as nursing research in environmental or occupational health are displayed in Table 5.3.
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From page 109... ...
American Association of 22.9 (8) Occupational Health Nurses National Institute for 17.1 (6)
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From page 110... ...
The data in Table 5.3 also indicate that there are funding sources for nursing research in environmental health, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , Emergency Room Nursing Foundation, and the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA)
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From page 111... ...
The reason for the preponderance of descriptive nursing research studies is not known, but descriptive work usually signifies a research realm in which the problems and variables are not well defined or little is known about the area. In other words, to conduct research that can serve as a basis for clinical nursing practice in environmental or occupational health, it may be necessary to conduct some descriptive studies to identify appropriate and valid biobehavioral models from which nursing interventions could emanate.
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From page 112... ...
For example, maternal and child health nurses could be continuously screening children who may have been exposed to residential lead-based paint or pesticides on farms; emergency room nurses could attempt to decipher how individuals are exposed to toxic wastes or environmental poisons; occupational health nurses could be screening for the vast array of workplace exposures resulting in illness and injury such as reproductive toxicity, cancer, neurological dysfunction, and musculoskeletal disorders; and pediatric nurses could be linking childhood illnesses to toxins transported from a parent's workplace to the home. Nurses working in community health, especially those in inner-city and rural settings, have a key role in environmental health.
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From page 113... ...
Nurses who complete a thesis as part of their masters degree requirements are prepared to conduct preliminary or pilot studies related to their specialties, work settings, or problems identified through their clinical practice. For example, community health nursing programs identify, collect, and analyze population-based data.
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From page 114... ...
The overall goal of a training initiative would be to increase the number of nurse researchers in the environmental sciences who are prepared to explore the environmental linkages to nursing practice and research as they affect the public's health. To accomplish this goal, it is important that applicants for research funding include a nurse scientist as cosponsor when the sponsoring environmental scientist (i.e., mentors)
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From page 115... ...
A series of award mechanisms are available to facilitate research training and career development. Current Priorities of Funding Sources for Nursing Research Nursing research and research education in environmental and occupational health sciences have several sources of interdisciplinary support.
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From page 116... ...
To prepare scientists to explore the environmental underpinnings of nursing practice and research, applicants must integrate environmental science with a nursing problem or a clinical practice issue. Priority status will be given to nurses with doctorates who submit a successful postdoctoral NRSA application, which would enable continued training without a break between doctoral and postdoctoral programs.
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From page 117... ...
American Association of Occupational Health Nurses The American Association of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN) offers competitive annual awards to promote and recognize research and innovative projects that focus on issues and problems within occupational health nursing.
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From page 118... ...
4. Establish mechanisms for nurse researchers to interact with and access the resources of the existing National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Educational Resource Centers and the National Institute of Environmental Sciences' Environmental Health Centers.
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From page 119... ...
Nurse researchers are also the faculty most likely to incorporate research findings into the curricula of nursing education programs. Strategies for Achieving Recommendation 5.2: 1.
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From page 120... ...
Provide incentives for nurse researchers to be primary investigators on interdisciplinary research directed towards the clinical practice of nursing.
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