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From page 203... ... Index A Aarskog syndrome, 79 Abstinence during pregnancy, 27, 103, 105 counseling for, 11, 146 encouraged as means of FAS prevention, 9, 17, 27, 118 Academic performance, 69, 159, 163-164, 165; see also Adolescence and postpuberty development Acetaldehyde adducts, 129-130 Active surveillance, 7, 91, 94-96, 97 linkages to treatment, 8, 97 proxy measures, 7, 95-96 Adaptive functioning, 73, 159, 163 Adolescence and post-puberty development, 6, 36, 80, 158 behavior patterns, 165-166, 168-169 catch-up growth, 73, 75 Adoption, 13, 15, 67, 74, 171, 172, 181, 186 Adulthood, 19, 75, 166 Affected individuals, see Behavioral patterns; Cognitive performance; Developmental stages and life span; 203 Diagnostic criteria; Growth deficiency; Incidence and prevalence of FAS; Physical anomalies; Secondary disabilities; Treatment and intervention for FAS children African Americans FAS rates, 83 maternal drinking patterns, 103 Age and drinking patterns, 106,107,108109,121 and subsequent pregnancies, 136 see also Developmental stages and life span Aggression 163 Alanine aminotransferases (ALT) , 128129 Alcohol abuse, 117 among FAS adolescents, 158 biological markers, 9, 109, 126-131 diagnostic definition, Sn, 29-30, 68, 74, 77n social-environmental factors, 88-89, 100-102,108-109 stigma of, 92,94,96,112,146 Read the entire page →
From page 204... ... Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Surveys (BRFSS) , 100, 104, 105, 106 Binge drinking, 44, 68, 106, 165, 166 Biological markers, 6, 72, 81, 115, 126 131, 135, 169 of alcohol abuse, 9, 109, 126-131 research needs, 6, 9, 81, 109 Birth, see Newborn period and infancy Birth control, 11, 136, 146-147 Birth Defects Monitoring Program (BDMP) Read the entire page →
From page 205... ... , 20-21 Contraceptive services, 11, 136, 146-147 Coordination of services, 15-16, 176, 183 184, 194-196 Coordination problems, 73 205 Corpus callosum callosal dysgenesis, 69, 73 Counseling for abstinence during pregnancy, 11, 146 brief interventions, 10, 123-124, 131 135 contraceptive cervices, 11, 136, 146-147 Crack cocaine, 21, 105, 137 Cranialsize,4, 68, 70, 76 Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) , 127 Cross-sectional research, syndrome characteristics over life span, 80 Culture, see Ethnic groups; Socialenvironmental factors Custody losses and retention, 11, 21, 142, 171-173; see also Foster care D Dental abnormalities, 156, 157 Depression, 80, 102, 107-108 Developmental delay, 6, 19, 73, 81, 135, 154, 161, 184 research needs, 6, 81 behavioral patterns across, 69, 159166, 168-169 diagnoses performed over, 6, 67, 70, 73-74, 80, 92 interventions over, 15, 166, 167-169, 174-175, 186 research needs, 6, 80, 167 variability in outcomes, 13, 167- 168 worsening of effects over, 168-169 see also Adolescence and post-puberty development; Adulthood; Newborn period and infancy; Preschool period; School age Developmental toxicity, 33-37 Diagnoses and diagnostic labels consistency of, 64-65, 91-92 history of FAS definition, 17- 19, 70-73 as marker for preventive interventions, 79-80 problems in surveillance, 64, 84, 90, 91-92 Read the entire page →
From page 206... ... , 41 Differential diagnosis, 64, 79 Diphenylhydantoin (DPH, phenytoin) , 34, 35,41 Dose-response relationships, 41-45, 103, 112 Drinking among women, 9, 22, 100, 102, 105, 108, 109-110 heavy drinkers, 88, 105 low and moderate intake, 105 stigmatizing effects, 112, 146 Drinking contexts, 107 Drinking during pregnancy, 8-9, 103, 100 107 Singeing, 44, 68, 106, 165, 166 documentation of, 2, 3, 4, 6, 67-68, 74 75, 76, 80, 132 INDEX factors influencing, 9, 100-102, 106 107, 109, 121, 147 fetal protection mechanisms, 9, 12, 109, 147 first trimester, 106- 107 heavy drinking, 27, 89, 100-101, 106, 120, 121 low and moderate intake, 2, 26-27, 116, 117-118, 120 and multiple-substance use, 21, 109 as proxy indicator of FAS, 95-96, 143 reduction ofintake, 105-106, 119-120, 133-134 research needs, 9, 107-110 variation among ethnic groups, 103, 108-109 vignettes, 53-62 see also Abstinence during pregnancy Drugs, see Illicit drug use during pregnancy "Drunk" baby, 19 Dubowitz syndrome, 79 Dysmorphism, see Physical anomalies EEarly intervention programs, 175, 176, 177 Eating disorders, 107 Education, see Academic performance; Parenting education; Professional training and education; Public education campaigns Educational interventions, 15, 186 for children with prenatal drug exposure, 15, 186 for secondary disabilities, 14, 155, 174-175, 177-179 Eligibility for services, 155, 156, 182- 183 Embryonic period, 38-39 Emotional health, 15, 173, 186 Environment, see Caregiving environment; Social-environmental factors Epicanthal folds, 72 Epidemiology and surveillance, 6-7, 89-97 active surveillance, 7, 91, 94-96, 97 Read the entire page →
From page 207... ... , 128, 131 Gatekeeping, 66, 79, 182 Gender differences alcohol treatment effectiveness, 139 biological markers for alcohol abuse, 128, 130-131 growth, 73 prenatal dose-response effects, 44 Genetic susceptibility, 40-41, 90 D-Glucaric acid, 127 Growth deficiency, 40, 71, 73-74, 157, 160 in diagnosis, 4, 70, 75, 76, 92, 160 low birthweight, 4, 40, 41, 68, 69-70, 76, 92-93 H Head Start, 175, 177 Health care interventions, 12, 147, 176-177 brief interventions, 10, 123-124, 131135 referrals, 10,11,15,131-132, 135, 147, 184 screening for maternal alcohol use, 124-131 Read the entire page →
From page 208... ... 208 secondary disabilities, 174, 176-177 selective, 10, 123-133 training, 11, 15, 123, 132-133, 147, 184 universal, 118-119 Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) , 23, 143, 195 Healthy People 2000 goals, 20, 89-90 Hearing problems, 73, 157 Heavy drinking, 29, 30-31, 88, 105 definitions, 106 during pregnancy, 27, 89, 100-101, 106, 120, 121 identification, 11, 123, 124-126, 132133, 147 Heroin, 35 Hispanics, FAS rates, 83 Hospital discharge data, 83, 84, 91 Hydronephrosis, 156 Hyperactivity, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 182 I Ibuprofen, 46 Illicit drug use during pregnancy, 21, 103, 105, 109 educational interventions for children, 15, 186 forced treatment and incarceration, 21, 137 Imaging techniques, 45, 69, 71 role in establishing diagnostic criteria, 3, 67, 69-70, 72-73 Impulse control, 164 Incarceration, of substance-abusing mothers, 21, 137 Incidence and prevalence of FAS alternative estimates, 1, 6, 19, 27, 8291 among ethnic minorities, 7, 83, 97 Income and socioeconomic status, 89, 103, 106, 107, 108-109, 116-117, 121, 155 Indian Health Service, 23, 144, 195 Indicated preventioninterventions, 10, 11 12, 115, 135-141, 145-147 INDEX alcohol abuse treatment as, 9, 10, 11, 107-108, 115, 135, 138-141, 141, 145, 154 for mothers of FAS children, 79, 135, 136-137 reproductive counseling and contraceptive services, 11, 136, 146-147 research needs, 11-12, 146-147 Indomethacin, 46 Infants, see Newborn period and infancy Integration and coordination of services, 15-16, 176, 183-184, 194-196 Intellect, see Cognitive performance Interagency cooperation, 15-16, 195-196 national survey, 7, 16, 97, 196 task force, 16, 196 Intervention, see Educational interventions; Health care interventions; Prevention interventions and measures; Treatment and intervention for FAS children; Treatment and prevention of alcohol abuse IQ scores, 159, 163 Iron deficiency anemia, 131 Isolation, 80 Isotreinoin, 42 J Judgment, 73, 158, 163 K Kidney anomalies, 156 L Labeling, see Diagnoses and diagnostic labels; Warning labels Language development and deficits, 15, 73, 159, 161-163, 186 Lead, 34, 35 Learning disabilities, 73 Read the entire page →
From page 209... ... , 133 National Pregnancy and Health Survey, 22, 104, 105 National surveys, 7, 97, 108, 109 on drinking and pregnancy, 9, 102103, 104, 108, 109 interagency cooperation in, 7, 16, 97, 196 Native Americans incarceration of pregnant women, 137 maternal drinking patterns, 88-89, 103 substance abuse treatment programs, 23 surveillance, 83, 87-89, 93 Neglect, 53, 142, 157, 170, 171, 173 Neonatal withdrawal syndrome, 135, 160 Neural tube defects, 21 Neurobehavioral deficits, see Behavioral patterns Neurobiological indicators, see Biological markers Neurotoxicity, 33-36, 38, 39-40, 157 Read the entire page →
From page 210... ... , 3, 4, 75,76,78 Partners of women drinking behavior, 102, 107, 108, 121 stability of relations with, 53, 107, 122 targeted for interventions, 10, 11, 117, 121-122, 142, 146 Passive surveillance, 6-7, 83, 91-94, see also Registry-based studies direct measures, 92 indirect measures, 92-94 Paternal alcohol exposure, 121-122 Pattern recognition, 72 Pediatric specialties, 176, 194 INDEX Peers and friendships, 163 of pregnant women, 10, 122 Perinatal 20 demonstration project, 22 Phenylketonuria, 79 Physical anomalies, 17-19, 156-157, 159 as diagnostic criteria, 2, 67, 68 prenatal development, 37-40 see also Alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD) ; Facial anomalies; Growth deficiency Physical therapy, 176, 177 Physician involvement, see Health care interventions Placental growth, 69, 70 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Read the entire page →
From page 211... ... , 19, 20, 21-23 211 R Racial groups, see Ethnic groups Radiation, 34, 35 Referrals, 10, 11, 15, 131-132, 135, 147. 184 professional training in, 11, 15, 147, 184 Registry-based studies, 7, 83-84 Research needs alcohol abuse, 9, 27-28, 102, 107-110, 138, 139, 141 behavioral patterns, 15, 186 biological markers, 6, 9, 81, 109 developmental stages, 6, 80, 167 diagnostic criteria, 6, 80-81 prevention interventions, 11-12, 113, 146-147 Research programs and studies, 21-23, 144-145 behavioral patterns, 158-159 coordination of, 15-16, 107, 194-196 prevention interventions, 22-23, 144145 teratogenic effects, 19-20, 27, 37-45, 158 see also Animal models and studies; Clinic-based studies; Crosssectional research; Epidemiology and surveillance; Longitudinal studies; National surveys; Population-based epidemiologic studies; Prospective studies; Research needs Residential Treatment for Women and Their children, 23 Retrospective studies, 83, 84, 86, 158 Risk factors, see Dietary and nutrition factors; Social-environmental factors Rubella, 20-21 S Salicylate, 42 School age, 163-165, 168, 183 Read the entire page →
From page 212... ... 212 School performance, see Academic performance Screening tools, 11, 146; see also Biological markers Secondary disabilities, 12, 13-14, 80, 154-155, 173-181 and caregiving environment, 155, 169-173 educational interventions, 14, 155, 174-175, 177-179 medical interventions, 174, 176- 177 Seizures, 73, 157-158 Selective prevention interventions, 9-10, 12, 115, 120-135, 145, 147 biological markers, 126- 131 brief interventions, 123-124, 131-135 health care professionals' roles, 10, 123-133 and prenatal care, 133-135 professional training, 132-133 referrals, 131-132 research needs, 12, 147 screening instruments, 124-126 targeting of demographic subgroups, 12, 147 targeting of family, 115, 122, 147 targeting of women's partners, 121122 Self-esteem, 102, 107, 140 Self-help groups, 140 Sensory integration, 15, 161, 163, 186 Skeletal anomalies, 38, 156 Sleep disturbances, 160 Smoking, 34, 36, 101, 105, 121 Social-environmental factors, 9, 90, 109, 147 in alcohol abuse, 88-89, 100-102, 108-109 role in modifying fetal alcohol exposure, 15, 46-47, 186 Socioeconomic status, see Income and socioeconomic status Species susceptibility, 40 Speech delays, 73, 157 Stability of relationships, 53, 107, 121, 171-173 State-based surveys, 22, 97 INDEX State government agencies, 195 Stigma of alcohol abuse, 92, 94, 96, 112, 146 of FAS diagnosis, 2, 66 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) , 23, 143, 195 Support groups, 140, 181 Surgeon General's warning, 2, 22, 27, 118 Surveillance, see Epidemiology and surveillance Sweden, FAS rate, 84 T T-ACE test, 125, 126 Targeting, see Indicated prevention interventions; Selective prevention interventions Teratogenic effects, 33-36, 73, 101, 121, 159-160 dose-response effects, 41-45 low-level alcohol use, 27 multifactorial model, 47-48 research studies, 19-20, 27, 37-45, 158 Thalidomide, 41, 42 Therapeutic intervention, 176-177 Tobacco, see Smoking Training, see Professional training and education Treatment and intervention for FAS children, 12-14, 27-28, 173-186 availability of services, 156, 175-176 barriers to services, 155-156, 175-176, 181-184 community outreach programs, 185 coordination of services, 15, 16, 195, 196 early identification, 14, 80, 155, 168, 182, 185 eligibility for services, 155, 156, 182183 follow-up, 15, 183, 186 local and regional clusters, 14, 185 planning, 166-173 Read the entire page →
From page 213... ... INDEX Treatment and prevention of alcohol abuse availability of services, 10-11, 137, 138, 141 in drug treatment programs, 21 evaluation of effectiveness, 138-141. 143-144 forced, 21, 137 intensive, 10-11, 140-141, 146 as a preventive intervention for FAS, 9, 10, 107-108, 115, 135, 138, 145, 154 referrals, 10, 135 research needs and barriers, 27-28, 102, 138, 139, 141 Tremors, 73 Turner's syndrome, 79 TWEAK test, 125, 126 Twin studies, 41, 121 U Universal prevention interventions, 9, 12, 114-115, 116-120, 145, 147 health care professionals' roles, 118119 research needs, 12, 147 213 Urinary dolichol, 127-128 Urine testing, 21, 127-128 Urogenital problems, 38, 156 V Velocardiofacial syndrome, 79 Vigilance, 164 Violence against women, 102, 107, 108 Vision problems, 73, 156, 157 Vitamin A, 42 W Warning labels, 118, 119- 120 Whites, see Caucasians/whites Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome, 74 Williams syndrome, 79 Women's drinking, see Drinking among women; Drinking during pregnancy Read the entire page →

From page 203...

... Index A Aarskog syndrome, 79 Abstinence during pregnancy, 27, 103, 105 counseling for, 11, 146 encouraged as means of FAS prevention, 9, 17, 27, 118 Academic performance, 69, 159, 163-164, 165; see also Adolescence and postpuberty development Acetaldehyde adducts, 129-130 Active surveillance, 7, 91, 94-96, 97 linkages to treatment, 8, 97 proxy measures, 7, 95-96 Adaptive functioning, 73, 159, 163 Adolescence and post-puberty development, 6, 36, 80, 158 behavior patterns, 165-166, 168-169 catch-up growth, 73, 75 Adoption, 13, 15, 67, 74, 171, 172, 181, 186 Adulthood, 19, 75, 166 Affected individuals, see Behavioral patterns; Cognitive performance; Developmental stages and life span; 203 Diagnostic criteria; Growth deficiency; Incidence and prevalence of FAS; Physical anomalies; Secondary disabilities; Treatment and intervention for FAS children African Americans FAS rates, 83 maternal drinking patterns, 103 Age and drinking patterns, 106,107,108109,121 and subsequent pregnancies, 136 see also Developmental stages and life span Aggression 163 Alanine aminotransferases (ALT) , 128129 Alcohol abuse, 117 among FAS adolescents, 158 biological markers, 9, 109, 126-131 diagnostic definition, Sn, 29-30, 68, 74, 77n social-environmental factors, 88-89, 100-102,108-109 stigma of, 92,94,96,112,146

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From page 204...

... Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Surveys (BRFSS) , 100, 104, 105, 106 Binge drinking, 44, 68, 106, 165, 166 Biological markers, 6, 72, 81, 115, 126 131, 135, 169 of alcohol abuse, 9, 109, 126-131 research needs, 6, 9, 81, 109 Birth, see Newborn period and infancy Birth control, 11, 136, 146-147 Birth Defects Monitoring Program (BDMP)

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From page 205...

... , 20-21 Contraceptive services, 11, 136, 146-147 Coordination of services, 15-16, 176, 183 184, 194-196 Coordination problems, 73 205 Corpus callosum callosal dysgenesis, 69, 73 Counseling for abstinence during pregnancy, 11, 146 brief interventions, 10, 123-124, 131 135 contraceptive cervices, 11, 136, 146-147 Crack cocaine, 21, 105, 137 Cranialsize,4, 68, 70, 76 Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) , 127 Cross-sectional research, syndrome characteristics over life span, 80 Culture, see Ethnic groups; Socialenvironmental factors Custody losses and retention, 11, 21, 142, 171-173; see also Foster care D Dental abnormalities, 156, 157 Depression, 80, 102, 107-108 Developmental delay, 6, 19, 73, 81, 135, 154, 161, 184 research needs, 6, 81 behavioral patterns across, 69, 159166, 168-169 diagnoses performed over, 6, 67, 70, 73-74, 80, 92 interventions over, 15, 166, 167-169, 174-175, 186 research needs, 6, 80, 167 variability in outcomes, 13, 167- 168 worsening of effects over, 168-169 see also Adolescence and post-puberty development; Adulthood; Newborn period and infancy; Preschool period; School age Developmental toxicity, 33-37 Diagnoses and diagnostic labels consistency of, 64-65, 91-92 history of FAS definition, 17- 19, 70-73 as marker for preventive interventions, 79-80 problems in surveillance, 64, 84, 90, 91-92

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From page 206...

... , 41 Differential diagnosis, 64, 79 Diphenylhydantoin (DPH, phenytoin) , 34, 35,41 Dose-response relationships, 41-45, 103, 112 Drinking among women, 9, 22, 100, 102, 105, 108, 109-110 heavy drinkers, 88, 105 low and moderate intake, 105 stigmatizing effects, 112, 146 Drinking contexts, 107 Drinking during pregnancy, 8-9, 103, 100 107 Singeing, 44, 68, 106, 165, 166 documentation of, 2, 3, 4, 6, 67-68, 74 75, 76, 80, 132 INDEX factors influencing, 9, 100-102, 106 107, 109, 121, 147 fetal protection mechanisms, 9, 12, 109, 147 first trimester, 106- 107 heavy drinking, 27, 89, 100-101, 106, 120, 121 low and moderate intake, 2, 26-27, 116, 117-118, 120 and multiple-substance use, 21, 109 as proxy indicator of FAS, 95-96, 143 reduction ofintake, 105-106, 119-120, 133-134 research needs, 9, 107-110 variation among ethnic groups, 103, 108-109 vignettes, 53-62 see also Abstinence during pregnancy Drugs, see Illicit drug use during pregnancy "Drunk" baby, 19 Dubowitz syndrome, 79 Dysmorphism, see Physical anomalies EEarly intervention programs, 175, 176, 177 Eating disorders, 107 Education, see Academic performance; Parenting education; Professional training and education; Public education campaigns Educational interventions, 15, 186 for children with prenatal drug exposure, 15, 186 for secondary disabilities, 14, 155, 174-175, 177-179 Eligibility for services, 155, 156, 182- 183 Embryonic period, 38-39 Emotional health, 15, 173, 186 Environment, see Caregiving environment; Social-environmental factors Epicanthal folds, 72 Epidemiology and surveillance, 6-7, 89-97 active surveillance, 7, 91, 94-96, 97

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From page 207...

... , 128, 131 Gatekeeping, 66, 79, 182 Gender differences alcohol treatment effectiveness, 139 biological markers for alcohol abuse, 128, 130-131 growth, 73 prenatal dose-response effects, 44 Genetic susceptibility, 40-41, 90 D-Glucaric acid, 127 Growth deficiency, 40, 71, 73-74, 157, 160 in diagnosis, 4, 70, 75, 76, 92, 160 low birthweight, 4, 40, 41, 68, 69-70, 76, 92-93 H Head Start, 175, 177 Health care interventions, 12, 147, 176-177 brief interventions, 10, 123-124, 131135 referrals, 10,11,15,131-132, 135, 147, 184 screening for maternal alcohol use, 124-131

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From page 208...

... 208 secondary disabilities, 174, 176-177 selective, 10, 123-133 training, 11, 15, 123, 132-133, 147, 184 universal, 118-119 Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) , 23, 143, 195 Healthy People 2000 goals, 20, 89-90 Hearing problems, 73, 157 Heavy drinking, 29, 30-31, 88, 105 definitions, 106 during pregnancy, 27, 89, 100-101, 106, 120, 121 identification, 11, 123, 124-126, 132133, 147 Heroin, 35 Hispanics, FAS rates, 83 Hospital discharge data, 83, 84, 91 Hydronephrosis, 156 Hyperactivity, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 182 I Ibuprofen, 46 Illicit drug use during pregnancy, 21, 103, 105, 109 educational interventions for children, 15, 186 forced treatment and incarceration, 21, 137 Imaging techniques, 45, 69, 71 role in establishing diagnostic criteria, 3, 67, 69-70, 72-73 Impulse control, 164 Incarceration, of substance-abusing mothers, 21, 137 Incidence and prevalence of FAS alternative estimates, 1, 6, 19, 27, 8291 among ethnic minorities, 7, 83, 97 Income and socioeconomic status, 89, 103, 106, 107, 108-109, 116-117, 121, 155 Indian Health Service, 23, 144, 195 Indicated preventioninterventions, 10, 11 12, 115, 135-141, 145-147 INDEX alcohol abuse treatment as, 9, 10, 11, 107-108, 115, 135, 138-141, 141, 145, 154 for mothers of FAS children, 79, 135, 136-137 reproductive counseling and contraceptive services, 11, 136, 146-147 research needs, 11-12, 146-147 Indomethacin, 46 Infants, see Newborn period and infancy Integration and coordination of services, 15-16, 176, 183-184, 194-196 Intellect, see Cognitive performance Interagency cooperation, 15-16, 195-196 national survey, 7, 16, 97, 196 task force, 16, 196 Intervention, see Educational interventions; Health care interventions; Prevention interventions and measures; Treatment and intervention for FAS children; Treatment and prevention of alcohol abuse IQ scores, 159, 163 Iron deficiency anemia, 131 Isolation, 80 Isotreinoin, 42 J Judgment, 73, 158, 163 K Kidney anomalies, 156 L Labeling, see Diagnoses and diagnostic labels; Warning labels Language development and deficits, 15, 73, 159, 161-163, 186 Lead, 34, 35 Learning disabilities, 73

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From page 209...

... , 133 National Pregnancy and Health Survey, 22, 104, 105 National surveys, 7, 97, 108, 109 on drinking and pregnancy, 9, 102103, 104, 108, 109 interagency cooperation in, 7, 16, 97, 196 Native Americans incarceration of pregnant women, 137 maternal drinking patterns, 88-89, 103 substance abuse treatment programs, 23 surveillance, 83, 87-89, 93 Neglect, 53, 142, 157, 170, 171, 173 Neonatal withdrawal syndrome, 135, 160 Neural tube defects, 21 Neurobehavioral deficits, see Behavioral patterns Neurobiological indicators, see Biological markers Neurotoxicity, 33-36, 38, 39-40, 157

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From page 210...

... , 3, 4, 75,76,78 Partners of women drinking behavior, 102, 107, 108, 121 stability of relations with, 53, 107, 122 targeted for interventions, 10, 11, 117, 121-122, 142, 146 Passive surveillance, 6-7, 83, 91-94, see also Registry-based studies direct measures, 92 indirect measures, 92-94 Paternal alcohol exposure, 121-122 Pattern recognition, 72 Pediatric specialties, 176, 194 INDEX Peers and friendships, 163 of pregnant women, 10, 122 Perinatal 20 demonstration project, 22 Phenylketonuria, 79 Physical anomalies, 17-19, 156-157, 159 as diagnostic criteria, 2, 67, 68 prenatal development, 37-40 see also Alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD) ; Facial anomalies; Growth deficiency Physical therapy, 176, 177 Physician involvement, see Health care interventions Placental growth, 69, 70 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

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From page 211...

... , 19, 20, 21-23 211 R Racial groups, see Ethnic groups Radiation, 34, 35 Referrals, 10, 11, 15, 131-132, 135, 147. 184 professional training in, 11, 15, 147, 184 Registry-based studies, 7, 83-84 Research needs alcohol abuse, 9, 27-28, 102, 107-110, 138, 139, 141 behavioral patterns, 15, 186 biological markers, 6, 9, 81, 109 developmental stages, 6, 80, 167 diagnostic criteria, 6, 80-81 prevention interventions, 11-12, 113, 146-147 Research programs and studies, 21-23, 144-145 behavioral patterns, 158-159 coordination of, 15-16, 107, 194-196 prevention interventions, 22-23, 144145 teratogenic effects, 19-20, 27, 37-45, 158 see also Animal models and studies; Clinic-based studies; Crosssectional research; Epidemiology and surveillance; Longitudinal studies; National surveys; Population-based epidemiologic studies; Prospective studies; Research needs Residential Treatment for Women and Their children, 23 Retrospective studies, 83, 84, 86, 158 Risk factors, see Dietary and nutrition factors; Social-environmental factors Rubella, 20-21 S Salicylate, 42 School age, 163-165, 168, 183

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From page 212...

... 212 School performance, see Academic performance Screening tools, 11, 146; see also Biological markers Secondary disabilities, 12, 13-14, 80, 154-155, 173-181 and caregiving environment, 155, 169-173 educational interventions, 14, 155, 174-175, 177-179 medical interventions, 174, 176- 177 Seizures, 73, 157-158 Selective prevention interventions, 9-10, 12, 115, 120-135, 145, 147 biological markers, 126- 131 brief interventions, 123-124, 131-135 health care professionals' roles, 10, 123-133 and prenatal care, 133-135 professional training, 132-133 referrals, 131-132 research needs, 12, 147 screening instruments, 124-126 targeting of demographic subgroups, 12, 147 targeting of family, 115, 122, 147 targeting of women's partners, 121122 Self-esteem, 102, 107, 140 Self-help groups, 140 Sensory integration, 15, 161, 163, 186 Skeletal anomalies, 38, 156 Sleep disturbances, 160 Smoking, 34, 36, 101, 105, 121 Social-environmental factors, 9, 90, 109, 147 in alcohol abuse, 88-89, 100-102, 108-109 role in modifying fetal alcohol exposure, 15, 46-47, 186 Socioeconomic status, see Income and socioeconomic status Species susceptibility, 40 Speech delays, 73, 157 Stability of relationships, 53, 107, 121, 171-173 State-based surveys, 22, 97 INDEX State government agencies, 195 Stigma of alcohol abuse, 92, 94, 96, 112, 146 of FAS diagnosis, 2, 66 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) , 23, 143, 195 Support groups, 140, 181 Surgeon General's warning, 2, 22, 27, 118 Surveillance, see Epidemiology and surveillance Sweden, FAS rate, 84 T T-ACE test, 125, 126 Targeting, see Indicated prevention interventions; Selective prevention interventions Teratogenic effects, 33-36, 73, 101, 121, 159-160 dose-response effects, 41-45 low-level alcohol use, 27 multifactorial model, 47-48 research studies, 19-20, 27, 37-45, 158 Thalidomide, 41, 42 Therapeutic intervention, 176-177 Tobacco, see Smoking Training, see Professional training and education Treatment and intervention for FAS children, 12-14, 27-28, 173-186 availability of services, 156, 175-176 barriers to services, 155-156, 175-176, 181-184 community outreach programs, 185 coordination of services, 15, 16, 195, 196 early identification, 14, 80, 155, 168, 182, 185 eligibility for services, 155, 156, 182183 follow-up, 15, 183, 186 local and regional clusters, 14, 185 planning, 166-173

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From page 213...

... INDEX Treatment and prevention of alcohol abuse availability of services, 10-11, 137, 138, 141 in drug treatment programs, 21 evaluation of effectiveness, 138-141. 143-144 forced, 21, 137 intensive, 10-11, 140-141, 146 as a preventive intervention for FAS, 9, 10, 107-108, 115, 135, 138, 145, 154 referrals, 10, 135 research needs and barriers, 27-28, 102, 138, 139, 141 Tremors, 73 Turner's syndrome, 79 TWEAK test, 125, 126 Twin studies, 41, 121 U Universal prevention interventions, 9, 12, 114-115, 116-120, 145, 147 health care professionals' roles, 118119 research needs, 12, 147 213 Urinary dolichol, 127-128 Urine testing, 21, 127-128 Urogenital problems, 38, 156 V Velocardiofacial syndrome, 79 Vigilance, 164 Violence against women, 102, 107, 108 Vision problems, 73, 156, 157 Vitamin A, 42 W Warning labels, 118, 119- 120 Whites, see Caucasians/whites Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome, 74 Williams syndrome, 79 Women's drinking, see Drinking among women; Drinking during pregnancy

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Index Pages 203-213

Index
Pages 203-213