Marshaling Technology for Development Proceedings of a Symposium (1995) / Chapter Skim
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Materials and Critical Technologies
Materials and Critical Technologies
Pages 128-136
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From page 128... ...
For example, a recently invented scanning microscope allows one to image individual atoms on a surface and move them one by one to desired locations. To realize this, scientists have learned to measure, control, and manipulate spatial objects that are a fraction of a billionth of a meter.
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From page 129... ...
The technical issues at work in intelligent prosthetics, an area of health care that likely will grow into a multibillion-dollar industry over the next decade, are an understanding of the complex requirements of this technology, ranging from the materials that stimulate human nerve, muscle, bone, or cartilage, to the interface between the human body and the prosthetic. Today, this technical area is being addressed by small multidisciplinary groups in a university setting, leaving room for great technical innovation and financial growth while serving humankind.
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From page 130... ...
These devices of the future already are being made in the laboratory; the struggle, on an international scale, is to produce them on the factory floor at competitive prices. The financial opportunities and risks are great because no major nation can avoid facing the questions associated with semiconductor chip design and production.
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From page 131... ...
Clearly, these countries also regard the same set or subset of these technologies as critical for their futures. TABLE 1 Announced Foreign Targets for Critical Technologies Technology-intensive Sector European Japan Community France Germany Applied molecular biology Distributed computing and networking Electricity supply and distribution Flexible integrated manufacturing Materials synthesis and processing Microelectronics X X X X X X X X X and optoelectronics X X Pollution minimiza tion and remediation X Software Transportation X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X NOTE: Some member nations of the European Community (EC)
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From page 132... ...
For example, Table 2, which shows by country the R&D investment in the United States, and Table 3, which reveals the patent activity by country in the nine critical technologies, suggest that the trading partners not only actively search for knowledge in the United States, but also participate in generating it. Intellectual property protection is highly emphasized in a competitive environment in which knowledge is pervasive, providing for both the defensive and active protection of technology.
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From page 133... ...
50 o Ct Ct ; au Ct 04 C: ·= ._ U3 C)
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From page 135... ...
to search and acquisition (S) as a function of time for the United States, Japan, and India and China.
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From page 136... ...
P Chaudhari, "Corporate R&D in the United States," Physics Today (December 1993)
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