Marshaling Technology for Development Proceedings of a Symposium (1995) / Chapter Skim
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Rising to the Challenge: Priorities for the Developing Countries and the International Development Community
Rising to the Challenge: Priorities for the Developing Countries and the International Development Community
Pages 50-58
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From page 50... ...
Many of these countries, however, are the very ones that will have to rely most on technology to relieve the pressures on their food supply, health and education services, and environment that will accompany the next doubling of the world's population. Ironically, while the rapid changes fostered by today's sophisticated telecommunications and computer technologies are likely to become reality and many of them already are those still required for survival remain on the drawing board.
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From page 51... ...
Promotion, demonstration, and extension may be essential to the further adoption of new cultivars and improved varieties. Investments in soil productivity enhancement, associated with crop rotations, conservation tillage practices, increased efficiencies of fertilizers and pesticides, and improved farming practices to avoid erosion and runoff, will provide major gains.
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From page 52... ...
Solutions, then, should be pursued in national and regional agricultural and biotechnology research centers. PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS It is in manufacturing and services that developing country firms perhaps have the best chance of using advanced technologies to propel them into equal participation in global markets.
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From page 53... ...
A country may decide to enter global manufacturing markets in areas where it has a comparative advantage by first offering peripheral components or services such as software, spare parts, field services, tools, or postharvest processing of agricultural products. These arrangements could be consolidated by license, joint ventures, foreign direct investments, or government-required offsets on other contracts.
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From page 54... ...
In fact, this is a good time for developing countries to add new, more efficient low-emission technologies to their capital stock while per capita demands are still low. Based on current demand projections, in 20 years the developing countries will require a tenfold increase in generating capacity as well as end-use equipment.
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From page 55... ...
The great importance of macroeconomic stability, of pricing and tax policies based on economic principles, and of a satisfactory regulatory framework for investment, is well known. Government must play a key role in sending consumers the right signals and enabling markets to function efficiently.
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From page 56... ...
The lessons revealed by several assessments of the CGIAR research network should be studied with care before the model is copied or expanded. Other areas that could benefit from regional centers of excellence in research and development are: health research, with a concentration on vaccine development, contraceptive technologies, and tropical diseases, as well as the capability to track emerging diseases and drug resistance; energy research, with an emphasis on adapting renewable source technologies to local conditions; environmental research, to understand and minimize the impact of agriculture on the tropical environment; and education, with a focus on technologies for mass education in poor countries.
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From page 57... ...
Consider investments in new technologies for energy generation that are more efficient and less polluting and in technologies for cleaning up the environment. Private Sector · Maintain awareness of technological advances in industry and acquire the most effective production methods and products through research and development, international agreements, joint ventures, and imported technology.
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From page 58... ...
Help the least-developed countries adapt to the changes brought on by the new telecommunications and computer technologies. · Raise the awareness of developing country governments and other donors of the opportunities and challenges offered by new technologies-for example, by supporting seminars and studies on the implications of technological change for developing countries.
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