Cryptography's Role in Securing the Information Society (1996) / Chapter Skim
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F - A Brief Primer on Intelligence
F - A Brief Primer on Intelligence
Pages 421-429
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From page 421... ...
Intelligence for strategic purposes (national intelligence) serves foreign policy, national security, and national economic objectives.
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From page 422... ...
The Defense Intelligence Agency and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State also analyze and produce finished intelligence, primarily for the Secretaries of Defense and State, respectively. The National Security Agency (NSA)
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From page 423... ...
national security interests. In the post-Cold War environment, the definition of national security interests goes far beyond a focus on a single rival such as the Soviet Union, and the United States is now concerned with threats throughout the world.4 Many of these threats are lower in intensity, but in some ways more complex and difficult to address, than those of the former Soviet Union.
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From page 424... ...
Counterterrorism efforts are on the rise. For example, public reports indicate that SIGINT was responsible for determining Libyan involvement in the terrorist bombing of Pan Am flight 103 in 1988.5 During the Persian Gulf War, intercepted communications enabled identification and forestallment of Iraqi terrorist teams.6 Evidence from wiretaps formed an important part of the case against Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman in the case of an alleged conspiracy by Islamic fundamentalists to blow up the United Nations, the Hudson River tunnels, and the federal building in Manhattan.7 National security is also increasingly recognized as including broader, nonmilitary areas.
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From page 425... ...
Planning, which entails the prioritization of information demands and the allocation of resources, represents both the first and the last stage. Information is collected from a variety of sources, processed into useful form, analyzed, by drawing upon all available sources to generate balanced conclusions, and disseminated to the consumers of intelligence -- the President, national security officials, and others in the executive and legislative branches of government with a need for information to support national 8For example, public sources reported that the U.S.
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From page 426... ...
The National Intelligence Council, comprised of senior intelligence experts inside and outside the government, produces National Intelligence Estimates, assesses the quality of analyses, and identifies critical gaps requiring new collection priorities. Among others with senior planning roles are the Executive Director for Intelligence Community Affairs; the Executive Director and Deputy Director of the CIA and deputy directors of its Intelligence, Operations, Administration, and Science and Technology branches; and officials of other intelligence agencies.
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From page 427... ...
Through their political, economic, and social contacts, case officers recruit local agents to provide information unavailable through technical means. Placement of agents under nonofficial "deep" cover may facilitate entry into particularly difficult to penetrate organizations such as drug cartels; however, deep cover involves potentially greater risk to the agent.13 10 J.A.
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From page 428... ...
These include, for example, a lack of awareness of other cultures, leading to "mirror imaging" -- the assumption that foreign policy makers will behave as Americans would. Overreliance on clandestine or technical sources, simply because they are uniquely available to intelligence analysts, is another risk.14 Analysts, who are typically regional or subject matter specialists, prepare a variety of products for intelligence consumers.
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From page 429... ...
Other selected intelligence products, such as classified papers and encrypted electronic documents, are distributed to national security planners and policy makers on the basis of their need to know, as determined, in most cases, by the intelligence community. Broader, longer-range products prepared under the National Intelligence Council's direction are disseminated as National Intelligence Estimates.
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