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From page 117... ... , 26, 73 D Department of Agriculture, U.S. college and university spending, 50, 52 current research spending, 9 intramural research, 14 nit, 73 in LGCA system management, 2, 14 recommendations for institutional linkages, 8 research spending, 73-80 diet and health, 15-17, 25 extension activities, 91 as multidisciplinary science, 101 distance learning applications, 35, 36 recommendations for, 4, 33 E economic development, 100 education curriculum revitalization projects, 61 environmental/natural resource, 62-65 faculty characteristics, 56-58 faculty exchanges, 56 federal role, 50-51 lifelong, 39 minority student enrollment, 55-56 117 Read the entire page →
From page 118... ... public roles, 94-95 privatization of, 11 118 recommendations for, 6-7, 92,101-104 regional diversity, 103 regional market-based, 34-35 research base, 6, 9, 101 role of, 87, 96-98 rural economic development, 100 extension funding accountability, 91 allocation, 102-104 for 1890 colleges, 95 extension research focus and, 39 for nonfarm activities, 98 recent trends, 90 recommendations for, 4-7, 8-9, 11, 102-104 return on investment, 89 USDA, 50 F farms appointment trends, 38 demographics, 56-58 incentives for, 58-59 student contacts, 58 current characteristics, 2,14-15,18, 23-24, 92 diversity, 28-29 incomes, 23 knowledge sources, 92 niche markets, 24 population trends, 1,13,15, 93 rural economic development as extension activity, 100 specialization, 94 technological change, 16-17 see also industrial agriculture Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology, 51 federal government congressional advisory bodies on food and agriculture, 26-27 in extension system, 90-92, 94-96, 98 in food and agriculture education, 50-51 in food and agriculture research, 72-80 interpretation of regulations as extension activity, 89 justification for involvement of, 43-45 in LGCA system funding, 2, 9-11, 36 in LGCA system management, 1-2, 18-19 non-USDA agencies, 6, 8, 75, 92 oversight activities, 10-11 program evaluation, 42-43 Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act, 19, 73 food safety, 25, 60 food stamp program, 23 foreign students, 48 formula funding accountability, 75 advantages of, 74-75,103 allocation system, 33, 73-74 current federal spending, 19, 73 disadvantages of, 75,103 for extension, 103 INDEX Read the entire page →
From page 119... ... agriculture in, 17, 22 Internet, 8, 31, 35 internships, 60 recommendations for, 5, 62 J Joint Council on Food and Agricultural Sciences, 26-27 INDEX land grant college of agriculture system access, 46-48, 55-56 contextual analysis, 21 cooperation within, 5, 7-8, 32, 39 current context, 2-3, 14-18 founding mandate, 1, 13-14, 46 historical development, 47 legislative history, 18-19 opportunities for improvement, 3-12 organizational structure, 1-2 rationale for teaching component, 46-50 smaller institutions, 32 stakeholder participation in, 3, 4, 25-28 unique features, 10-11 see also organizational structure of LGCA system LGCA system. see land grant college of agriculture system Lincoln University, 55 M market characteristics consumer behavior, 22 global context, 17, 22 regional extension based on, 34-35 minority populations agriculture student enrollment, 55-56 educational grants, 52 faculty demographics, 56-58 recommendations regarding, 7 Morrill Act of 1862, 1, 13, 14, 15, 47 of 1890, 1, 15 Morrill-Nelson Grants, 14 n.2, 50 Multicultural Scholars Program, 52 N National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act, 18 National Agricultural Research and Extension Users Advisory Board, 27 National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges, 27-28 national economy, agricultural component of, 15, 16 National Initiative for Research in Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, 5, 19, 28, 75 National Institutes of Health, 2, 75, 78 national interest, 3 extension activities and, 11, 88-89 in food and agriculture education, 47-50 in food and agriculture research, 69-70 in food and agriculture system, 10-11, 1517, 29 program evaluation in terms of, 41-45 stakeholder participation in food and agricultural system, 3, 25-28 National Science Foundation, 2, 75 Native Americans, 7, 15, 56, 57 119 Read the entire page →
From page 120... ... New Mexico State University, vii new geography, 7-8, 30-31 rationale, 31-33 1994 colleges, 7, 15 o organizational structure of LGCA system current, 30 federal role, 18-19 federal-state partnership, 1-2, 14 integration of functions in, 4, 8-9, 37-41, 42, 91 intramural issues, 37 recommendations for new geography, 7-8, 30-33 for research, 73 role of colleges in, 11 stakeholder participation in, 3, 25-28 p patents. see intellectual property rights/patents population farm, 1, 13, 15, 93 world trends, 17 poverty, 23 private sector independent crop consultants, 97 LGCA research funded by, trends in, 81 public partnerships for research, 81-82 research activities, 18, 29-30 role in extension system, 94-96 privatization definition, 94 of extension activities, 11, 94-95 of research activities, 29-30 Project Sunrise, 61 public goods concept, 43-44 Purnell Act, 18 R regional activities / approach diversity in extension system, 103-104 market-based extension, 34-35 rationale, 33 rationale for federal involvement in extension, 90-91 recommendations for, 4, 7-8, 30-36 research resource allocation, 33 teaching practice, 34 research activities adaptive, 71-72 as cascade of knowledge, 70, 71 consumer influence, 97 continuum, 70-72 dissemination of findings, 72 economic models, 16-17 at 1890 colleges, 80 evaluation of, 5, 10-11, 26, 41-45, 73 extension support, 6, 9, 101 fundamental, 70, 72 120 integration with extension and teaching activities, 37-41, 42, 89, 91 integrative, 70-71 intellectual property rights, 23, 81, 82 national interest in, 69-70 organizational structure, 73 private sector, 18 proposal writing, 83 recommendations for, 4, 29-30, 85-86 resource allocation, 25-26, 28, 32 social rate of return, 70, 85 specialization, 31-32, 34 students in, 40 USDA intramural, 14 n.1 Research and Marketing Act, 18 research funding allocation mechanisms for competitive grants, 83-84 chunk grants, 83-84 federal role, 72-73 federal spending, 9, 73-80 inter- and multidisciplinary, 85 percentage funding methods, 84 performance-based, 84 preproposal review method, 83 private-public partnerships, 81-82 recommendations for, 4-6, 8-9 USDA, 50 via checkoff funding, 82 Roosevelt, Theodore, 90, 93 S small-business innovation research grants, 83 Smith-Lever Act of 1914, 1, 14, 98 South Dakota State University, 57 specialization information needs of farmers, 94, 96 in LGCA system, 31-32, 34 of research scientists, 38-39 state government extension funding, 95 funding of 1890 colleges, 80, 81, 95 justification for involvement of, 45 LGCA system funding by, 2, 19, 80, 81 in LGCA system management, 1-2 multi-state issues, 31 recommendations for, 6, 95 Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, 33 T teaching computer technology for, 34 encouraging innovation in, 5, 8, 65 faculty-student contacts, 58 federal grants for, 50-51 integration with extension and research activities, 37-39, 42 regional coordination, 34 science education through agriculture, 66 student internships, 5, 60 INDEX Read the entire page →

From page 117...

... , 26, 73 D Department of Agriculture, U.S. college and university spending, 50, 52 current research spending, 9 intramural research, 14 nit, 73 in LGCA system management, 2, 14 recommendations for institutional linkages, 8 research spending, 73-80 diet and health, 15-17, 25 extension activities, 91 as multidisciplinary science, 101 distance learning applications, 35, 36 recommendations for, 4, 33 E economic development, 100 education curriculum revitalization projects, 61 environmental/natural resource, 62-65 faculty characteristics, 56-58 faculty exchanges, 56 federal role, 50-51 lifelong, 39 minority student enrollment, 55-56 117

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From page 118...

... public roles, 94-95 privatization of, 11 118 recommendations for, 6-7, 92,101-104 regional diversity, 103 regional market-based, 34-35 research base, 6, 9, 101 role of, 87, 96-98 rural economic development, 100 extension funding accountability, 91 allocation, 102-104 for 1890 colleges, 95 extension research focus and, 39 for nonfarm activities, 98 recent trends, 90 recommendations for, 4-7, 8-9, 11, 102-104 return on investment, 89 USDA, 50 F farms appointment trends, 38 demographics, 56-58 incentives for, 58-59 student contacts, 58 current characteristics, 2,14-15,18, 23-24, 92 diversity, 28-29 incomes, 23 knowledge sources, 92 niche markets, 24 population trends, 1,13,15, 93 rural economic development as extension activity, 100 specialization, 94 technological change, 16-17 see also industrial agriculture Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology, 51 federal government congressional advisory bodies on food and agriculture, 26-27 in extension system, 90-92, 94-96, 98 in food and agriculture education, 50-51 in food and agriculture research, 72-80 interpretation of regulations as extension activity, 89 justification for involvement of, 43-45 in LGCA system funding, 2, 9-11, 36 in LGCA system management, 1-2, 18-19 non-USDA agencies, 6, 8, 75, 92 oversight activities, 10-11 program evaluation, 42-43 Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act, 19, 73 food safety, 25, 60 food stamp program, 23 foreign students, 48 formula funding accountability, 75 advantages of, 74-75,103 allocation system, 33, 73-74 current federal spending, 19, 73 disadvantages of, 75,103 for extension, 103 INDEX

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From page 119...

... agriculture in, 17, 22 Internet, 8, 31, 35 internships, 60 recommendations for, 5, 62 J Joint Council on Food and Agricultural Sciences, 26-27 INDEX land grant college of agriculture system access, 46-48, 55-56 contextual analysis, 21 cooperation within, 5, 7-8, 32, 39 current context, 2-3, 14-18 founding mandate, 1, 13-14, 46 historical development, 47 legislative history, 18-19 opportunities for improvement, 3-12 organizational structure, 1-2 rationale for teaching component, 46-50 smaller institutions, 32 stakeholder participation in, 3, 4, 25-28 unique features, 10-11 see also organizational structure of LGCA system LGCA system. see land grant college of agriculture system Lincoln University, 55 M market characteristics consumer behavior, 22 global context, 17, 22 regional extension based on, 34-35 minority populations agriculture student enrollment, 55-56 educational grants, 52 faculty demographics, 56-58 recommendations regarding, 7 Morrill Act of 1862, 1, 13, 14, 15, 47 of 1890, 1, 15 Morrill-Nelson Grants, 14 n.2, 50 Multicultural Scholars Program, 52 N National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act, 18 National Agricultural Research and Extension Users Advisory Board, 27 National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges, 27-28 national economy, agricultural component of, 15, 16 National Initiative for Research in Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, 5, 19, 28, 75 National Institutes of Health, 2, 75, 78 national interest, 3 extension activities and, 11, 88-89 in food and agriculture education, 47-50 in food and agriculture research, 69-70 in food and agriculture system, 10-11, 1517, 29 program evaluation in terms of, 41-45 stakeholder participation in food and agricultural system, 3, 25-28 National Science Foundation, 2, 75 Native Americans, 7, 15, 56, 57 119

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From page 120...

... New Mexico State University, vii new geography, 7-8, 30-31 rationale, 31-33 1994 colleges, 7, 15 o organizational structure of LGCA system current, 30 federal role, 18-19 federal-state partnership, 1-2, 14 integration of functions in, 4, 8-9, 37-41, 42, 91 intramural issues, 37 recommendations for new geography, 7-8, 30-33 for research, 73 role of colleges in, 11 stakeholder participation in, 3, 25-28 p patents. see intellectual property rights/patents population farm, 1, 13, 15, 93 world trends, 17 poverty, 23 private sector independent crop consultants, 97 LGCA research funded by, trends in, 81 public partnerships for research, 81-82 research activities, 18, 29-30 role in extension system, 94-96 privatization definition, 94 of extension activities, 11, 94-95 of research activities, 29-30 Project Sunrise, 61 public goods concept, 43-44 Purnell Act, 18 R regional activities / approach diversity in extension system, 103-104 market-based extension, 34-35 rationale, 33 rationale for federal involvement in extension, 90-91 recommendations for, 4, 7-8, 30-36 research resource allocation, 33 teaching practice, 34 research activities adaptive, 71-72 as cascade of knowledge, 70, 71 consumer influence, 97 continuum, 70-72 dissemination of findings, 72 economic models, 16-17 at 1890 colleges, 80 evaluation of, 5, 10-11, 26, 41-45, 73 extension support, 6, 9, 101 fundamental, 70, 72 120 integration with extension and teaching activities, 37-41, 42, 89, 91 integrative, 70-71 intellectual property rights, 23, 81, 82 national interest in, 69-70 organizational structure, 73 private sector, 18 proposal writing, 83 recommendations for, 4, 29-30, 85-86 resource allocation, 25-26, 28, 32 social rate of return, 70, 85 specialization, 31-32, 34 students in, 40 USDA intramural, 14 n.1 Research and Marketing Act, 18 research funding allocation mechanisms for competitive grants, 83-84 chunk grants, 83-84 federal role, 72-73 federal spending, 9, 73-80 inter- and multidisciplinary, 85 percentage funding methods, 84 performance-based, 84 preproposal review method, 83 private-public partnerships, 81-82 recommendations for, 4-6, 8-9 USDA, 50 via checkoff funding, 82 Roosevelt, Theodore, 90, 93 S small-business innovation research grants, 83 Smith-Lever Act of 1914, 1, 14, 98 South Dakota State University, 57 specialization information needs of farmers, 94, 96 in LGCA system, 31-32, 34 of research scientists, 38-39 state government extension funding, 95 funding of 1890 colleges, 80, 81, 95 justification for involvement of, 45 LGCA system funding by, 2, 19, 80, 81 in LGCA system management, 1-2 multi-state issues, 31 recommendations for, 6, 95 Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, 33 T teaching computer technology for, 34 encouraging innovation in, 5, 8, 65 faculty-student contacts, 58 federal grants for, 50-51 integration with extension and research activities, 37-39, 42 regional coordination, 34 science education through agriculture, 66 student internships, 5, 60 INDEX

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INDEX Pages 117-122

INDEX
Pages 117-122