Conservation of Historic Stone Buildings and Monuments (1982) / Chapter Skim
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Report of the Committee on Conservation of Historic Stone Buildings and Monuments
Report of the Committee on Conservation of Historic Stone Buildings and Monuments
Pages 1-12
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Many scientists and engineers, however, are not aware of the details of the problem or of the various preservation treatments being employed. Greater progress could be made if more of the nation's scientific and technical skills could be applied to stone preservation and if greater effort were made to transfer existing technology to this field.
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Architects usually select a particular stone for its aesthetic qualities, with casual reference, at best, to basic data on porosity, pore size, moisture absorption, and other critical physical and chemical parameters. We need more effective exchange of information on stone, rather than the development of new information.
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Buildings that are air-conditioned in the summer or heated in the winter experience constantly changing humidity cycles. In situ outcrops are not supplied with water by capillary action and sprayed with salt to remove snow and ice.
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Stress-strain relationships are nonlinear, and microcracks not visible to the naked eye are extremely important. It is possible that microcracks might also provide access for movement of dilute solutions in rocks and so accelerate spelling phenomena associated with damage by salts.
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DIAGNOSIS OF DETERIORATION AND EVALUATION OF CONDITION In addition to their own weight, stone structures (including bridges) must often sustain such forces as geophysical Toads from wind, temperature, and earth tremors; geotechnical loads from lateral earth pressures, subsidence, and foundation rotation and translation; gravity Toads from walls, floors, and roofs; and vibrational loads from vehicular traffic, machinery, and blasting.
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Oil industry research laboratories are seeking to extract oil from rock by reducing surface tension. If this work succeeds, some of the resulting technology may be useful in reducing the surface tension in the pores of rock and other masonry materials to discourage capillary action and rising damp.
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Recommendation: The committee recommends continued support for the development of the Census of Treated Monuments initiated by the Division of Technical Preservation Services of the National Park Service. Development of this data base would do much to improve the level of documentation of treated monuments.
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Recommendation: The committee recommends that ASTM, ISO, and RILEM take the lead in developing and adopting appropriate standards for performance, materials, laboratory and field testing, and practice in stone conservation. These bodies would work cooperatively with the Association for Preservation Technology jAPT)
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There is also a need for improved, nondestructive methods of evaluating the progress of treatments in the field. Photography has been used successfully to evaluate treatments; the approach ranges from elaborate, rectified photographs to very simple photography.
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Recommendation: The committee recommends that organizations such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, the Association for Preservation Technology, and the U.S. National Committee of the International Council on Monuments and Sites organize scientific advisory committees within their structures to bring the scientific and conservation communities closer together.
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To supplement funding from the public sector, those engaged in research will have to broaden their base of support to include corporate foundations and trade institutes. Where appropriate, the preservation community should explore sharing specialized equipment and support personnel.
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2 CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC STONE BUILDINGS Recommendation: The committee recommends that representatives from scientific and engineering professional organizations meet with representatives of historic preservation and conservation organizations to develop an intersociety mechanism to coordinate preservation activities among their groups, to expand awareness of public policy, and to develop a coordinated national plan.
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