Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations (1996) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
22 Effets of Altitue on Cognitive Performance and Mood States
22 Effets of Altitue on Cognitive Performance and Mood States
Pages 435-452
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 435... ...
Adverse changes in mood states, as well as impainnent in mental performance, occur during altitude exposure (Bahrke and Shukitt-Hale, 19939. Although numerous reports have been published conceming the physiological ' Barbara Shukitt-Hale, Military Performance and Neuroscience Division, Occupational Health and Performance Directorate, U.S.
|
From page 436... ...
With time, individuals may also become quarrelsome, irritable, anxious, and apathetic (Van Liere and Stickney, 19639. Unfortunately, although disturbances in emotional control have been noticed at altitude for decades, there are few quantitative studies assessing mood changes at altitude.
|
From page 437... ...
* indicate a significant difference (P < 0.01)
|
From page 438... ...
associated with a climb. COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE As with mood changes, the research on cognitive functioning at altitude is somewhat limited.
|
From page 439... ...
, pattern recognition, and Tower of Hanoi optimal tests decreased with increasing simulated altitude and time at altitude. Therefore, adverse changes in cognitive performance increased with higher altitudes and longer durations.
|
From page 440... ...
on reaction time on the simple reaction time task.
|
From page 441... ...
1 .800 13,800 15,500 ALTITU D E (ft) FIGURE 22-6 Effects of simulated altitude (549; 4,206; and 4,725 m [1,800; 13,800; and 15,500 fit]
|
From page 442... ...
TIME COURSE OF EFFECTS Because adverse changes in mood and cognitive performance occur at altitude, one interesting question is, What is the time course of these effects, and are they related to increases in the incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS)
|
From page 443... ...
(199 l a) conducted a study to determine whether individuals afflicted with initial symptoms of AMS would be more susceptible to adverse changes in other symptoms, moods, and performance, since they may be differentially affected at this point in time.
|
From page 444... ...
BEHAVIOR AND NEUROCHEMISTRY Because mood and cognitive performance are adversely affected by hypoxia, the question becomes, What is responsible for these effects? The central mechanisms responsible for the effects of hypoxia on behavior and cog190 150 ~0 70 30 UJ O 190 CO 160 UJ A; 130 a: 2 100 CO .' 70 G 240 200 160 120 80 40 _ .
|
From page 445... ...
Although deficits in human cognitive performance are well established, few studies have measured cognitive changes in animals exposed to hypoxia. The Morris water maze (MWM)
|
From page 446... ...
Hypobaric hypoxia adversely affected performance in the Morris water maze in an elevation-dependent fashion; as the simulated altitude increased above 5,500 m (18,045 fit) , the decrement in performance also increased.
|
From page 447... ...
These data show that rats exposed to prolonged altitude only consumed approximately one-quarter of what a normal rat would eat. These results corroborate previous findings that animals and humans lose body weight when exposed to low oxygen conditions, due to reduced daily food intake and perhaps other factors.
|
From page 448... ...
LIEBE~AN 20 U] ~ O _~ ~ -20 A; <¢ V -40 En it_ ~ -60 MORPHOLOGY MORPHOLOGY BEHAVIOR ~ _ SEA 5500 m SEA 6400 m LEVEL LEVEL SEA B400 m LEVEL FIGURE 22-13 The effect of simulated altitude (5,500 or 6,400 m [18,045 or 20,997 ft]
|
From page 449... ...
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The studies reviewed here show that altitude produces adverse alterations in human mood states, behavior, and cognitive functioning. Human performance, including many critical behavioral functions such as memory, reasoning, and vigilance are significantly impaired initially.
|
From page 450... ...
Devine, and H.R. Lieberrnan 1991b Morphology and muscarinic receptor density in the rat brain following exposure to hypobaric hypoxia.
|
From page 451... ...
Lieberman 1993a Nimodipine prevents the in vivo decrease in hippocampal extracellular acetylcholine produced by hypobaric hypoxia. Brain Res.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.