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General Discussion
Pages 467-478

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From page 467...
... , the omnipresent hypoxia exerts a subtle, mysterious effect on people, their energy, and their psychological energy. I think the troops need to know about altitude illness and what to expect when they get some of those symptoms, so they do not think they are dying.
From page 468...
... MURRAY HAMLET: Physiologically, the first change that occurs is physiological vasoconstriction, resulting from both cold and high altitude Many studies define the impact of altitude on cold injury, and clearly physiological vasoconstriction has an impact. It is essentially a mediate constrictor response.
From page 469...
... , . GAIL BUTTERFIELD: In the exercise community, it is pretty well accepted that you can maintain the thirst mechanism in an individual who has lost a significant amount of water as a result of heavy exercise by replacing the fluid with a fluid and electrolyte potion rather than plain water.
From page 470...
... WILLIAM BEISEL: The matter of salt and water balance is not clear to me. We heard stories about why we need to push fluid intake, as well as stories ^~.
From page 471...
... I think Murray is right that the endothelium is the culprit. In my view, if we can maintain optimal intervascular volume, optimal cardiac output, and optimal oxygen delivery in a hypoxic situation, we will minimize whatever the effect of hypoxia is on making the endothelium leak.
From page 472...
... We did not pursue it, but we wondered if someone whose peripheral sympathetic system really constricts badly at high altitude or at moderate altitude may be the one who is going to get sick first. WILLIAM BEISEL: Is acute mountain sickness or acute edema strictly a phenomenon of the first few days, or can it occur any time?
From page 473...
... because it would reduce somewhat the obligatory water requirements of the soldiers in an environment where liquid water could be scarce. Thus the Ration, Cold Weather was designed so that even if you eat the 4,500 kcal, there are only about 4,500 mg of sodium, that is, 1 mg of sodium per calorie.
From page 474...
... In that same potency range, between antihistamines and benzodiazepines is a hormone, melatonin, which seems to have clear sleep-promoting effects at very low doses, and which does .
From page 475...
... In a very low dose, Diamox or acetazolamide is recommended for sleep, not because it is a sedative, but because it stops periodic breathing and allows people to sleep comfortably through the night. RUSSELL SCHUMACHER: No commander in his right mind is going to give his front-line troops any kind of sleep inducer.
From page 476...
... They use a vacuum flask, which is 1 liter in size, and they heat water from whichever source in the morning to make this hot drink. But they do not actually have a liter of hot drink mix in their cold-weather rations.
From page 477...
... So a couple of days of inadequate nutrition are simply not going to have any effects on mental performance, although it may on physical performance. As far as mental performance is concerned, if you want 100 percent performance, you have to consider that you may not get it simply with adequate nutrition.


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