Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations (1996) / Chapter Skim
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3 Cold Weather and High-Altitude Nutrition: Overview of the Issues
3 Cold Weather and High-Altitude Nutrition: Overview of the Issues
Pages 83-94
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From page 83... ...
National Academy Press Cold-Weather and High-Altitude Nutrition Overview of the Issues Eldon W Askew' INTRODUCTION Climatic extremes can exert profound influences on human physiology (Figure 3-1~.
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From page 84... ...
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From page 85... ...
Their end also coincided with a gradual decline in the amount of contract funds available Tom the Armed Forces to support extramural research of this nature. Historically, a significant proportion of environmental medicine research during the World War II and Korean War eras was conducted in governmentsupported civilian research institutions such as the Universities of Illinois, Minnesota, Washington, California, Hawaii, Colorado, and Alaska, and in the Fatigue Laboratory at Harvard University.
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From page 86... ...
Ancel Keys, Director of the Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene at the University of Minnesota, commented on what may have been the beginning of the schism between academia and the military regarding scientific interest in nutrition research at a symposium held at the National Academy of Sciences in 1952: It is appropriate to ask why, in general, the scientists of our country have been rather reluctant to engage in research directed toward problems of military subsistence. For it is a fact that many nutritionists may be willing, occasionally, to act on advisory boards and committees and to attend meetings like this symposium, but the amount of research they are carrying out is small.
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From page 87... ...
Publications of the National Academy Press provide the Department of Defense Food Program and the Surgeon General of the U.S. Army with comprehensive summaries of recent scientific literature, advice on specific scientific questions of military application and importance, and recommendations for future research in military nutrition.
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From page 88... ...
Interest in foods and nutrients to combat environmental climatic stress peaked during World War II and continued into the postwar years. Following World War II, scientific understanding of the roles of vitamins in the regulation of metabolism was clarified, and there was considerable r~nrr.h interest in these relatively new "glamour nutrients." The concept of vitamin supplementation to combat climatic stress arose and became the subject of much scientific debate.
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From page 89... ...
drew up a protocol for a cold-weather field study. It was quite an undertaking and became known as the Medical Nutrition Laboratory Army Winter Project: Vitamin Supplementation of Army Rations Under Stress Conditions in a Cold Environment—The Pole Mountain, Wyoming Study (Medical Nutrition Laboratory, 1953~.
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From page 90... ...
Nutrition has been viewed as a key factor for enhancing both physiological performance and morale during operations in these environments. Military interest in research on nutrition and human physiology in cold and high-altitude environments peaked during and after World War II and the Korean conflict, probably due to the extensive cold weather operations
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From page 91... ...
Army Quartermaster Research and Engineering Command and Advisory Board on Quartermaster Research and Development. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council.
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From page 92... ...
A report of the Committee on Foods, Advisory Board on Quartermaster Research and Development. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council.
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From page 93... ...
its, and E.W. Asks 1992 Suslaining heals and pcr~ancc in Tic cold: ~ pocket guide lo cnvironmcnla medicine Epoch of cold-wc~cr operations.
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