Technology Transfer Systems in the United States and Germany Lessons and Perspectives (1997) / Chapter Skim
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Technology Transfer by Industrial R&D Consortia
Technology Transfer by Industrial R&D Consortia
Pages 332-340
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From page 332... ...
In such a situation, the FhG would not become obsolete because of its high specific competencies in many areas of applied research, but its role in the German research landscape would be quite different. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BY INDUSTRIAL R&D CONSORTIA Federation of Industrial Research Associations STRUCTURE AND TASKS It is a long-standing tradition for German SMEs to be linked together in an industrial research association.
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From page 333... ...
: • to finance cooperative research projects originating in the member asso ciations; • to coordinate research projects; • to promote personnel transfer between its members; • to support its member associations in obtaining public funds; • to advise on the establishment of new research associations in industry; • to represent the members' general interests; and • to act as a link between the members and the public administration. AiF currently has 106 member associations that vary in size and structure.
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From page 334... ...
Obviously, several SMEs competing in the same market will not want to work together on research applicable to their competitive position. Therefore, cooperative research projects are "strictly precompetitive" (Schiele, 1993)
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The public funds are allocated to the AiF, which administers them. To receive public support, the particular research association must match the support it receives from the government by investing at least the same amount of its own resources in other cooperative research projects.
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From page 336... ...
From the time AiF was established, it was evident that the financing of cooperative research should be shared by the government, the participating companies, and the member associations. During the early years of the AiF, public funding exceeded contributions by AiF members, but a constant increase in membership brought in new financial resources.
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From page 337... ...
Figure 3.29 shows the development of public and private industrial funds for cooperative research. The striking increase of public support in 1991 and 1992 was due to a special effort made for SMEs in the former East Germany.
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From page 338... ...
For these kinds of industries, cooperative research seems to be a quite appropriate means of technology transfer. Biotechnology is not only an area of cooperative research unto itself but plays an increasing role in projects of the food industry.
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER In the framework of industrial cooperative research, we have to distinguish between two different target groups for technology transfer. The first group consists of the enterprises that initiate projects and are directly involved in their definition and application.
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From page 340... ...
With regard to this target group, cooperative research is demand driven, a situation that is favorable for successful technology transfer. The second target group is composed of other member companies of a research association that are not directly involved in the application and execution of a research project.
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