Violence in Families Assessing Prevention and Treatment Programs (1998) / Chapter Skim
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8 CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES
8 CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES
Pages 274-288
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From page 274... ...
These service integration efforts also call attention to the interaction of concerns about privacy and confidentiality with the disclosure and documentation of child maltreatment. The role of the law enforcement and social service systems in identifying and meeting the needs of child witnesses to domestic violence is another example of service interactions that may shape the ways in which child 274
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From page 275... ...
Although the committee did not attempt to pursue these issues in great depth, the following discussion clarifies these issues, describes the relevant research, and examines their implications for the design of interventions and evaluations. THE ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF FAMILY VIOLENCE Many theoretical frameworks seek to explain the causes of child maltreatment, domestic violence, and elder abuse.
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From page 276... ...
The social ecology approach in child maltreatment interventions has stimulated interest in the need for concrete and supportive interventions for families (as opposed to educative and counseling interventions) to provide child care, housing assistance, job training, and employment referrals in addition to parenting educa
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From page 277... ...
Domestic violence interventions have also begun to stress the importance of addressing the material and financial needs of victims to help them to lead violence-free lives. Although social ecology models have been used extensively in the development of interventions in the health care and social services domains, until recently they have had limited utility in law enforcement.
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From page 278... ...
Such knowledge can contribute to the development of community-based interventions as a form of primary prevention, an approach that can strengthen protective factors and reduce risk factors before cases or patterns of behavior require more intensive treatment. The interactive ecological models of family violence may have great potential for the development of theory to guide intervention efforts, but to date the research base has not developed the capacity to explain the multiple pathways involved.
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From page 279... ...
. The criminalization of child maltreatment, domestic violence, and elder abuse classifies as criminal certain acts of family violence in the federal and state criminal and civil codes, fosters the creation of distinct categories of victims and perpetrators in the justice system, requires evidence of wrongdoing, and establishes a process to remove an offender or victim from the home environment without unreasonable delay.
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From page 280... ...
The rehabilitation and support services associated with social and health care settings are associated with the larger number of cases that involve child neglect or occasional or even chronic, but minor, incidents of violence. The shift in attention to the social settings and interactive nature of family violence, however, has stimulated a broad rethinking of the roles of law enforcement, social services, and health care, resulting in innovative approaches that seek to blend the deterrent capabilities of the law with the treatment and support resources of health and social service providers.
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From page 281... ...
However, if law enforcement officials are not prepared to respond swiftly, or if resources are not available to support appropriate treatment services for less severe cases, the deterrent effects of the criminal justice response to family violence can be weakened. Many uncertainties remain regarding the effectiveness of voluntary and coercive treatment programs in addressing different forms of family violence.
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From page 282... ...
should authorize the release of personal data and records regarding their own behavior or health status. Many individuals who are the subjects of family violence interventions are either victims or perpetrators of child maltreatment, domestic violence, or elder abuse.
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From page 283... ...
The absence or presence of social networks that are bound by common ethnic heritage, language, or cultural practices is another important factor that may influence community responses to reports of family violence. The Multi-Cultural Advisory Committee of the Washington State Risk Assessment Project has developed multicultural guidelines for assessing family strengths and risk factors in child protective services (English and Pecora, 1994)
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From page 284... ...
. Various mechanisms may facilitate the process of community representation in family violence research studies, including the creation of community advisory boards for research projects, the appointment of community leaders in institutional review board membership when family violence study designs are under review, basing the project staff in the community under study, purchasing research supplies and equipment from community-based vendors, and involving local students in the research activity.
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From page 285... ...
The assessment of dangerousness has become a major focal point in mental health law, public health, social work, and police and law enforcement studies, as illustrated by the work of the Network on Law and Mental Health of the John D and Catherine T
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From page 286... ...
has summarized research findings on risk factors that distinguish cases involving severe assault from other forms of intimate partner violence. Homicide predictions involving battered women have used several different lists of predictive factors, including Campbell's danger assessment instrument, based on retrospective studies of risk factors in cases in which battered women killed or were seriously injured or killed by their abusers (Campbell, 1995)
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From page 287... ...
These instruments can provide important tools to guide health and social service and law enforcement decisions for individual clients, and they can make an important contribution to more effective evaluations of interventions. Risk assessment instruments have not been sufficiently validated, however, either for general or specific populations (such as age or ethnic groups)
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From page 288... ...
The next generation of interventions and evaluations in the field of family violence, especially in the area of comprehensive community services, is likely to focus attention on the ways in which different service systems provide consistent or contradictory messages in their interactions with clients and communities. Fundamental differences in attitudes and beliefs about the causes and consequences of family violence, and the purpose and roles of different service sectors, can be expected to provoke discussions about the relative importance -- and timing -- of punishment, oversight, rehabilitation, retribution, deterrence, treatment, and the use of mandatory and voluntary services in addressing child maltreatment, domestic violence, and elder abuse.
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