Stemming the Tide Controlling Introductions of Nonindigenous Species by Ships' Ballast Water (1996) / Chapter Skim
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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101-646 (the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act) aimed at preventing future introductions of potentially harmful aquatic nonindigenous species and controlling existing unintentional introductions.
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Any approach to managing ballast water and controlling introductions of nonindigenous aquatic species must take into account that there may be several source regions and release sites of ballast water on any sea voyage. The biota in ballast water are correspondingly diverse, and predicting the presence of a particular unwanted species in a particular vessel or certifying a particular vessel as free of or safe from all unwanted species is extremely difficult.
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Given this diversity of vessels and the complexity of ballasting patterns, the committee determined that flexibility in managing ballast water is essential for adequate protection against introductions of unwanted nonindigenous aquatic organisms. Biological scientists cannot currently state what level of ballast water control is effective, and existing guidelines for controlling introductions of nonindigenous aquatic nuisance species do not identify an acceptable level of risk.
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The committee identified a series of parameters for rating technologies for potential application in shipboard treatment of ballast water. Safety is critical in evaluating strategies for managing ballast water.
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The absence of an off-theshelf treatment technology suitable for use on board ship further highlights the need to consider diverse approaches to managing ballast water. MONITORING Monitoring ballast water has two major purposes in the context of current efforts to control introductions of nonindigenous aquatic nuisance species.
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The basic parameters indicative of water quality turbidity, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen content, and pH can be readily measured using commercial instruments and test kits suitable for marine applications. In addition, records of ballast water operations are already kept by the vast majority of vessels.
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Overseas, Chile and the port of Haifa in Israel have introduced requirements making it mandatory that ballast water be changed prior to being discharged. In addition to these mandatory requirements, there are a number of international, national, regional, state, and local initiatives to control introductions of nonindigenous aquatic nuisance species.
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Recommendation for the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force. The following actions should be taken as part of the cooperative national program to prevent unintentional introductions of nonindigenous organisms through ballast water: · The United States should support and encourage the early elaboration of a new annex to MARPOL 73/78 making the existing voluntary guidelines
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maritime industry should pursue implementation of a combination of practices for managing ballast water and the control options described herein, within the framework of existing international guidelines. Recommendation for the member states of IMO.
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These data could be valuable when used in conjunction with basic waterquality measurements to verify that ballast water has been effectively managed.
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