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From Scarcity to Visibility Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers (2001) / Chapter Skim
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8: Conclusions and Recommendations
Pages 218-221

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From page 218...
... Women as a group remain less well represented and less successful than men in every dimension of the career that we have examined. For example, women remain below 50 percent of new Ph.D.s, are proportionally less likely to enter the full-time scientific and engineering labor force, are less likely to hold more advanced positions in industry or academia, and receive lower salaries even after adjusting for differences in age, field, and type of work.
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From page 219...
... Such information makes it painfully clear that some, and probably many, women faced obstacles that men did not. While stories of overt discrimination against women in science and engineering are increasingly rare and federal legislation has eliminated blatantly discriminatory policies for the treatment of women, we believe that despite the massive progress since 1973, the assertion by Harriet Zuckerman and Jonathan R
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From page 220...
... THE NEED FOR FUTURE RESEARCH While our report provides a great deal of new and useful information about the careers of men and women in S&E, our answers and analyses are incomplete. Indeed, it was a constant source of frustration to the study panel that in pursuing our mandate to provide a broad overview of the change and lack of change that has occurred since 1973 we could not pursue each topic in the detail that it deserved.
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From page 221...
... More information is need on why these highly trained scientists are lost. Here also constraints imposed by familial obligations, career interruptions, and constraints on mobility need to be considered.
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Key Terms

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  • differences remain
  • situation facing
  • engineering labor
  • entering science

  • detailed studies
  • familial obligations
  • women remain
  • career interruptions
  • triple penalty

  • obligations affect
  • women affect
  • overcome barriers
  • understanding key
  • earned doctorates

  • data highlight
  • time labor
  • accurate characterization
  • facing women
  • women entering

  • discriminatory policies
  • increasing presence
  • blatantly discriminatory
  • key junctions
  • postdoctoral fellowships

  • doctoral recipients
  • remain below
  • eliminated blatantly
  • overt discrimination
  • information makes


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