Biographical Memoirs Volume 70 (1996) / Chapter Skim
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Efraim Racker
Efraim Racker
Pages 320-347
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In 1961 Racker's work on biological ATP production hac! macle him one of the stars of bioenergetics, the branch of biochemistry dealing with energy conversion by living cells.
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competitive sports such as soccer, Ping-Pong or tennis en c! was an excellent chess player, but hac!
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Hirsh Quastel offered him a job at Carcliff City Mental Hospital in Wales. In this
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since too little was known on the metabolism of normal cells. But once again Racker's scientific career was buffeter!
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Cockroaches, many of ghastly dimensions, were everywhere, as floating corpses in buffer solutions, uninvited guests in lunch boxes, or electrocuted culprits in shortcircuitec! electric equipment.
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no more. In order to avoid rush hour traffic, work started at about 10:00 a.m.
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his search for a biochemical basis of brain diseases by studying the effect of a polio virus infection on glycolysis in mouse brain. Right away, an exciting result: the virus inhibiter!
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donor. Warburg had -7 ~r -- -~r -- -a-~~ ~ 1 1 already proposed that this reaction proceeded by direct addition of inorganic phosphate to the aldehyde group and subsequent oxidation of the adduct to I,3-diphosphoglyceric acid.
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by a cytosolic extract from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and showed that glycolysis was clepenclent on the continuous regeneration of ADP and inorganic phosphate by an ATPase. The family of glycolytic enzymes thus incluclec!
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in living cells en c! why most tumor cells exhibit aerobic glycolysis.
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that ATP synthesis was couplet! to respiration through a "high-energy" intermediate of the type that functions in glycolytic ATP procluction.
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At first, progress in Ef's department was amazingly fast. In order to solubilize the enzymes coupling respiration to ATP synthesis, the submitochoncirial particles were vigorously shaken with tiny glass beacis in a shaker originally clescribec!
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factor that couplet! respiration to ATP synthesis it was namer!
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the most specific inhibitor of oxiciative phosphorylation its lack of effect on the ATPase activity of Fir had been the most serious argument against a role of Fit in oxiciative phosphorylation. The identification of a factor conferring oligomycin sensitivity on soluble Fir not only silencer!
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A-particles, intensive sonication S-particles, and treatment with phospholipids P-particles. All these particles were defective in coupling respiration to ATP synthesis en c!
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the biochemistry department of a new biology unit at that campus. The innovative concept of this plan hac!
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him. For the first time in his life his appointment brought him in close contact with unclergracluate students en c!
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by a transmembrane proton gradient. This "respiratory control" closely mimicked that seen with respiring intact mitochonciria when ATP synthesis was preventer!
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as a light-ciriven proton pump in the bacterial plasma membrane. Why not incorporate this simple, pure proton pump into a liposome together with the F~FO-ATPase from bovine heart?
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like a stroke of luck that just at this time Mark Spector joiner! him as a graduate student.
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It was in one of the difficult years that followed that he spent the only sabbatical of his life in my Basel laboratory. Once again I admired his quick mind, his enthusiasm, his experimental skill, his undimmed scientific curiosity, and his truly astounding openness to new ideas.
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Efraim Racker shower! me that scientific exploration en c!
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Krimsky. Inhibition of glycolysis in mouse brain homogenates by ferrous sulfate.
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Datta. Partial resolution of the enzymes catalyzing oxidative phosphorylation I
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Partial resolution of the enzymes catalyzing oxidative phosphorylation X Correlation of morphology and function in submitochondrial particles.
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346 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS 1979 Science and the Cure of Diseases: Letters to Members of Congress. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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