Resource Sharing in Biomedical Research (1996) / Chapter Skim
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Pages 1-12
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The public nature of science, emphasizing peer review, confirmation of results, and standardization of methods, would seem to make resource sharing a given. Independent replication provides science with quality control, and few if any laboratory experiments, or even systematic observations, can be duplicated accurately without some contact with the original author or data.
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A private, nonprofit organization dedicated to the acquisition, preservation, authentication, and distribution of diverse biological materials, ATCC is now the largest general service culture collection in the world, preserving and providing these materials for use by qualified people engaged in science, industry, and education. The Multinational Coordinated Arabidopsis Thaliana Genome Research Project An international scientific effort that began in 1990, the goal of the Multinational Coordinated Arabidopsis Thaliana Genome Research Project is to understand the physiology, biochemistry, growth, and development of a flowering plant at the molecular level.
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has been the major repository for genetically characterized mice for more than 60 years. Although it is a research laboratory focused on providing new information to the scientific community through genetic research with mice, TJL is also recognized internationally as the preeminent source of laboratory mice for genetic research.
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technically is not a shared resource at all, but a federally owned, contractor-operated research and development laboratory that has become, by default, a supplier of valuable materials and information to the international scientific community without specific funding to do so. The center staff has three tasks: creating biological resources useful for genomic research, developing instrumentation and informatics for genome research, and locating genes.
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Sometimes the different streams of dollars may not be available to support the core administration and quality control necessary for resource sharing. Marketing and Advertising Advertising, marketing, and general knowledge about the availability of a resource are essential to widespread access; many resources are not shared simply because their existence is not known to scientists who require them.
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Well-Defined Policies for Function of Research and Service at the Facility The balance between service and research by staff is a fundamental question to be considered by all centralized facilities designed to be resource centers for the scientific community. A shared resource is greatly enhanced by the presence of an excellent scientific staff that is conducting research to improve the resource and can ensure the quality of the materials.
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It is clear that the optimal procedures for sharing these three classes will differ in most cases. The overall guiding principle in such decisions should be scientific merit and the acquisition of information of interest to the scientific community at large.
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Commercial competitors willing to employ less stringent measures on a smaller selection of resources can and do offer apparently similar products at cut-rate prices. High-quality research depends on high-quality materials, and the scientific community will have to recognize that it must pay for quality control, through subsidy if not through user fees.
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. Academic institutions, government agencies, and industry have failed to focus the scientific community.
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Because of the growth of economic nationalism and to avoid unnecessary duplication, the world scientific academies should convene to identify barriers to sharing resources across national boundaries and should develop mechanisms to overcome them. Because the private sector will continue to have a major impact on resource sharing, representatives from industry, nonprofit institutions, and funding agencies should be brought together to work toward solutions of current problems such as the following:
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY · Overreaching claims on future ownership of inventions by providers of shared resources and research tools · Competition between private-sector activities and public shared resources · How to protect the research exemption for licensed intellectual and tangible properties · Impediments to biomedical research and education caused by confidentiality requirements A cost-benefit analysis should be conducted to evaluate the possible impediments to resource sharing caused by government regulations.
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