Resource Sharing in Biomedical Research (1996) / Chapter Skim
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2: THE AMERICAN TYPE CULTURE COLLECTION
2: THE AMERICAN TYPE CULTURE COLLECTION
Pages 23-32
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From page 23... ...
ATCC is now the largest general service culture collection in the world, with collections in six areas: Bacteriology, Cell Culture, Molecular Biology, Mycology, Protistology, and Virology. The mission of ATCC is to serve as the world's leading repository for standard reference cultures, related biological materials, and associated data.
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From page 24... ...
In emergency situations, an auxiliary generator supplies power to freezers, refrigerators, and other critical instruments. For added security, a duplicate supply of all freeze-dried material is stored in Blacksburg, Virginia; backup liquid nitrogen storage for frozen material is located in Frederick, Maryland.
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From page 25... ...
The seed stock is always the closest material available to the original deposit. ATCC currently has more than 80,000 items catalogued and available for use by the scientific community.
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From page 26... ...
Cell Culture (cell lines and hybridomas) Molecular Biology (recombinant DNA materials)
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From page 27... ...
Subjects include quality control measures; managing strain data; obtaining patents in biotechnology; and identifying, preserving, and maintaining cultures. The workshop program provides hands-on laboratory experience in areas such as cytogenic technology, diagnostics, fermentation microbiology, recombinant DNA technology, hybridomas and monoclonal antibody technology, hybridoma data management, and DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
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From page 28... ...
On-line access to collection databases is available via Internet Gopher server, the World Wide Web, the Microbial Strain Data Network (MSDN) , and the World Data Center (WDC)
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From page 29... ...
In January 1996, in response to the increasingly frequent desire of potential donors to hold on to their materials or seriously limit their distribution, until the commercial value becomes clear, and in order to limit ATCC liability in intellectual property disputes, ATCC issued detailed policies covering all cultures acquired after that date: For single cultures or small numbers of related cultures, ATCC prefers that potential donors contribute cultures to one of the general collections in a gift format without any donor-imposed restrictions on access or use. ATCC thus acquires rights to use, propagate, and distribute the cultures)
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From page 30... ...
ATCC, understandably, does not want to become an enforcer, but a mishap last summer in which three vials of Yersinia pestis (the agent of bubonic plague) were shipped to an individual in Ohio who fraudulently portrayed himself as a legitimate scientist has made it clear that more stringent criteria are necessary for at least clearly hazardous biological materials.
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From page 31... ...
Private collections and commercial repositories are already a significant source of competition, the latter doing so by "cherrypicking." That is, they are maintaining and distributing only those materials for which there is a heavy current demand, and are ignoring the less popular materials that comprise 80 percent of ATCC's collections and impose significant additional cost on ATCC operations. ATCC leadership believes that maintaining these "unprofitable" cultures is an indispensable part of its mission, not simply because some may later prove useful (the bacterium Therm us aquatic?
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From page 32... ...
mycologists. A precedent for the sort of international agreement required already exists in the Budapest Treaty governing patent deposits, 35 countries are signatories to this treaty, the most important point of which is the agreement to recognize deposits made in any of 28 international depository authorities (IDAs)
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