Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants Volume 3 (1996) / Chapter Skim
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Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants: Introduction
Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants: Introduction
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Important sources of atmospheric contaminants include off-gassing of cabin materials, operation of equipment, and metabolic waste products of crew members. Other potential sources of contamination are releases of toxic chemicals from experiments, manufacturing activities performed on board the space station, and accidental spills and fires.
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, have not promulgated exposure limits for the durations of exposures encountered in the space station or for conditions of microgravity. in 1972, the National Research Council's Committee on Toxicology (COT)
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The subcommittee prepared Guidelines for Developing Spacecraft Maximum AZIowable Concentrations for Space Station Contaminants (NRC, 1992~. That report provides guidance for deriving SMACs from available toxicological and epidemiological data.
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Based on the review of the toxicity data and the use of appropriate safety factors, SMACs for different exposure periods are developed, and a rationale is provided for each recommendation. One- or 24-hr emergency SMACs are derived from acute exposure toxicity studies whenever possible.
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The subcommittee concludes that the SMAC reports on 12 spacecraft contaminants presented in Appendix B of this report are consistent with the 1992 NRC guidelines. The subcommittee recognizes that many factors, such as the changes in normal human physiological and biochemical processes associated with spaceflight, are not fully understood and could warrant revisions of proposed SMAC values as additional scientific data become available.
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Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council)
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NRC (National Research Council)
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