Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants Volume 3 (1996) / Chapter Skim
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B4: Diacetone alcohol
B4: Diacetone alcohol
Pages 105-116
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From page 105... ...
Johnson Space Center Toxicology Group Biomedical Operations and Research Branch National Aeronautics and Space Administration Houston, Texas PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Synonyms: Diketone alcohol, 4-hydroxy-4methyI-2-pentanone Formula: (CH3~2C(OH) CH2COCH3 CAS number: 123-42-2 Form: Colorless, flammable liquid with pleasant odor Molecular weight: Boiling point: Melting point: -43°C Specific gravity: Vapor pressure: Solubility: Conversion factors: 116.16 168°C 0.94 1.2 mmHg at 25°C Miscible in water 1 ppm = 4.76 mg/m3 I mg/m3 = 0.21 ppm OCCURRENCE AND USE Diacetone alcohol (DAA)
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From page 106... ...
TOXICOKINETICS AND METABOLISM Absorption No data were found on the absorption of DAA. Distribution Complete distribution studies are not available on DAA; however, its blood/brain partitioning has been studied because DAA is a metabolite of methyl isobuty} ketone (Granvi} et al., 1994~.
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From page 107... ...
. Acute and Short-Tenn Exposures A summary of early studies using various nonhuman species and various routes of am stration of DAA suggests that DAA is narcotic and can cause injury to the liver, kidney, or red blood cells (von Oettingen, 1943~.
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From page 108... ...
Acetone comprised about 4% of the highest exposure and less than ~ % of the other exposures. Observations were made in the following categories: daily clinical signs, weekly body weights, terminal urinalysis, terminal hematology, terminal clinical chemistry, gross pathology, organ weights, and histopathology.
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From page 109... ...
Genotoxicity During an evaluation of several hydrocarbon solvents for genotoxicity, DAA was the only test material to exhibit any sort of positive response. The solvents were tested in bacterial mutation assays, a yeast mitotic conversion assay, and a chromosome assay in rat liver cells in vitro in concentrations of 2000 to 4000 ,ug/mL (Brooks et al., 1988~.
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From page 110... ...
DAA-potentiated liver damage was assessed by the activity of two transferases in plasma, plasma bilirubin concentrations, liver weights, and histopathological examination. Each of the end points showed a clear dose-response relationship for DAA potentiation of chIoroform-induced liver injury.
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From page 111... ...
, and potential liver injury has been found in rats (Butterworth et al., 1980~. The kidney injury observed in the high-dose group of male rats by Butterwor~ and co-workers is similar to a common finding of high concentrations of c~2u-gIobulin present in male rats after prolonged exposure to hydrocarbons.
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From page 112... ...
= 6 ppm. Although there is some concern that the lethargy observed late in the exposures was not the traditional type of solvent-induced CNS depression, the 6-ppm limit should be a threshold below which no CNS effects can occur no matter how long the exposure lasts.
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From page 113... ...
Potential Liver Injury The hepatomegaly reported in rats exposed at concentrations of 220 or 950 ppm for 6 w (Butterworth et al., 1980) and the ability of DAA to enhance the hepatotoxicity of chloroform suggest that DAA can be a potential hepatotoxicant.
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From page 115... ...
1983. Odor as an aid to chemical safety: Odor thresholds compared with threshold limit values and volatilities for 214 industrial chemicals in air and water dilution.
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From page 116... ...
1980. Comparative cytological studies of the effect of some aliphatic alcohols and the fatty alcohols from Euphorbia granulata and Pulicaria crispa on mitosis of Allium cepa.
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