Forested Landscapes in Perspective Prospects and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of America's Nonfederal Forests (1998) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 231-252
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From page 231... ...
A Absorption-emission plans, 162 Acid rain, reduction of, 66 Acquisitions, 30 Ad valorem property-tax policy, 102 Advance monetary outlays, 110 Afforestation, 27 Agrarian property-tax system, 101-102 Agricultural Conservation Program (ACP) , 45, 51, 70, 199 funding by region, 189t Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, 124 Agricultural Worker Protection Standard (wPs' 201 Agriculture, Secretary of, 86 Air pollutants, 4, 44, 57, 65-67 Air quality, 20, 38, 64, 65-67 Alabama, timberland in Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 38 Alaska forestland ownership by state government, 113 231 forest practices regulatory law, 49 Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, 148 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, 30 31, 148 Alien insects, 69 Alien plants, 57, 69-70 American Forest and Paper Association (AF&PA)
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From page 232... ...
by U.S. wood-based industries, 32, 33, 183t C California forest practices regulatory law, 49, 50, 51 freshwater ecosystems, 60 programs involving state- or countyowned forestlands, 115 reforestation regulations, 122 urban forest disinvestment and volunteer organizations, 116 urban-interface wildfires, 65 Capital gains tax, 100, 126 Carbon storage, ecological services in nonfederal forests, 2 stored in nonfederal forests, 40 and woody debris reduction, 64 Carbon dioxide emissions, 67, 161 INDEX Carbon monoxide emissions, 66 Carbon sequestration, 67-68, 161 Certification standards, 96 Certified forest practices, 95-96 Cheatgrass, 70 Chesapeake Bay Program, 43, 44 Chestnut blight, 69 Citizen participation, promoted in determining care and management of forest resources, 19 Clarke-McNary Act (1924)
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From page 233... ...
, 43, 45, 63, 70, 198 decline of, 123 landowner income earned by participation in, 106- 107 plantation in highly erodable cropland, 117 plantation on private forestland, 120 Controlled-spacing activities, investment issue, 119, 120 Cooperative and Federal Forest Health Management Program, budget history, 188t Cooperative Fire Program, 43, 81 Cooperative Lands Fire Management programs, 44-45, 188t Cooperative Lands Fire Protection program, 196-197 Cooperative Lands Forest Health Management Program, 44-45, 196 Cooperatives, 126 Cooperative Work Trusts, 44 233 Corporate "fiber farms," 92 Cost-share programs, 45, 70, 110, 117, 198-200 agricultural, 98-99 forestry practices, 47 more effective than public technical assistance, 51, 52, 126 nonindustrial forest owners, 122-123 nonindustrial forests, 120 phased out, 85 public investments, 124, 131 reforestation, 52 County and municipal governments forestland area ownership by region, 31, 179t timberland area ownership, 172t-173t County forests, landowner investment circumstances, 113-114, 115-116 Credit rationing, 122 Critical Ecosystem Research and Assessment (CERA) Program, 44 Critically endangered species, habitat losses, 61 Custer State Park, 115 Cutting cycles, shortening of, 62 CWA/Wetlands Delineation and Regulatory Program, Section 404, 43 D Department of Agriculture.
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From page 234... ...
, 46 Environmental laws, 144 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment program (EMAP) , 44 Environmental policies and programs, integration promoted by federal government, 3 Environmental Protection Agency, 42, 70, 77, 81, 88 application in tribal forests, 148
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From page 235... ...
, 44, 46, 142, 201 Federal investments, nonfederal forests, 123, 188t, 189t, loot, l91t Federal-land banks, 88 Federal Land Management: Streamlining and Reorganization Issues, 79 Federal Land Policy and Management Act (1976) , 73, 80 Federal lands, diverted from forestland acreage, 27, 174t Federal Lands Forest Health Management Program, 44-45, 196 Federally directed programs, 42-46 assistance and incentive programs, 44, 196-204 cooperative forestry programs, 45 extension and outreach, 45-46 federal regulatory programs, 46 Forest Health Management, 44-45 transfer programs, 45 Federal national forest programs, 6 Federal programs coordination and simplification, 3 funding by region, 189t monitoring nonfederal forest health, 4 nonfederal forests, 2 organizational links, 7 tax subsidies, 102 technical assistance, fiscal incentive, and tax programs, 8 wildfire suppression and fuel management assistance, 4 Federal regulatory initiatives, 103-104 to ensure program efficiency and effectiveness, 103-104 Federal regulatory programs, 8, 200-202 Federal State Cooperative Program (water information)
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From page 236... ...
, 43 Forest fires, 64-65 Forest health, definition, 205-207 Forest Health Management, 44-45 Forest Health Protection Program, 43, 81 Forest industry acreage of forestland owned, 1 privately owned timberland, 29, 170t, 172t Forest-industry initiatives, 91-93 INDEX Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, 21, 137, 138, 140 Forest investments, 109-110 Forestland, definition, 26 Forestland area by region and ownership, 179t investmentissue, 117-118, 170t Forest-landowner associations, 87, 145146 Forest Legacy Program, 43, 81, 106, 188t, 197 Forest management intensity, 61-64 Forest management plans, written, 18, 30, 93, 97, 121-122 private forestland area and ownership units, 182t Forest products, prices increased, 109-110 Forest-products conservation, 91 Forest Research Program, 43 Forest Resources Council, 87 Forest Resources Partnership, 87 Forest resource sustainability national principles developed, 3 principles of, 18 Forest Resource Trust (Oregon)
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From page 237... ...
, 38,44 Georgia forestry practice regulatory system, 49 timberland in Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 38 Global pollutants, mitigation by forests, 11 Gorse, 70 Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, 44 Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) , 43 Great Lakes Initiative, 43 Great Lakes National Program, 44 Great Lakes region, state-owned forests, 113-114 Great Plains Conservation Program, 199 Great Plains Project, 44 Great Plains region, state government programs, 48, 49, 192t-193t Green certification, 208-209 Grizzly bears, 85, 162 Ground water development, 40 H Habitat, 71 isolation, 59-60 loss, 61 Habitat Conservation Plan for northern spotted owl, 59 Habitat conversion, 27 Habitat coordination councils, 86 237 Haole koa, 70 Hardwood, percentage of nonindustrial growing stock, 35-36 Hardwoodinventories, 118, 119, 186t by ownership, 35-36, 186t Hatch Act, 43 Heat islands, 66 High-vigor trees, 69 Honey production, 36 Hunting rights, 39 Hydrocarbon emissions, 67 Hydrologic patterns, 71 Idaho, forest practices regulatory law, 49 Incentive programs carbon storage on nonindustrial private forestlands, 68 financial, 20, 47 Income, 32-34 Income taxes, benefits from easements, 106 Increased management intensity, 63 Indian Forest Management Assessment Team, 114 Indigenous property systems, 147 Individual Restricted Fee, 29 Individual Trust, 29 Industrial forestland, 10 net annual growth of softwoods and hardwoods, 36, 187t plantation, 119, 176t Industrial owners, landowner investment circumstances, 112-113 Industrial timberlands, investment issue, 118-119, 186t Information and technology transfer, 136137 Information management, 138- 139 Information Management Program, 43 Infrastructure investments, 125, 131 Insectivores, specialist, and woody debris reduction, 63-64 Insects, 4, 20, 47, 57-58, 68-69 biological risk for private investments, 121
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From page 238... ...
, 158 International Tropical Timber Organization's Target 2000 program, 160 Intertribal Timber Council acreage of timberland, 29 economic benefits from tribal forests estimated, 34 Investment environments, 110-117 investment climate, 110 landowner investment circumstances, 111-117 Investment issues, strategies, remedies for disadvantages, 126-127, 131 Investments eliminating discouraging tax policies and programs, 8 encouraged in sustaining nonfederal forests, 4 federal, fiscal and technical assistance programs, 9 for nonfederal forests, 3 in nonfederal forests, privately-initiated programs promoted, 8 in research, 9-10 insufficient, 15- 16 long-term, 3 long-term, in nonfederal forests promoted, 19-20 percentage for nonfederal forests in federal budget, 8 INDEX private, in nonfederal forests, 8, 9 public, in nonfederal forests, 8 revenue sources for nonfederal forests, 9 Knapweeds, 70 Kudzu, 70 K L Lake states region, state government programs, 48, 192t-193t Laminated root rot, 69 Land Acquisition Priority System (critical areas acquisition program) , 43 Land and Water Conservation Fund, 44, 81 Land conversion, 4 Land Conversion Subcommittee of the Northern Forest Lands Council, 100 Land investment, acreage and number of forestland units owned for, 30, 183t Landowner-assistance programs (LAPs)
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From page 239... ...
, 73, 74, 75, 80 National forests, use and management of, 2 National Historic Preservation Act, 148 National Indian Forest Resources Act, 114 National Indian Forest Resources Management Act Programs/ Integrated Resource Management Plans (IRMPs) , 43 National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
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From page 240... ...
, urban and community forestland acreage, 28, 175t Nature Conservancy, 93-94, 137 Neotropical migratory bird species, 58, 60, 162, 163 Nevada, forest practices regulatory law, 49 New Hampshire, local forestry ordinances, 51 INDEX New Mexico, forest practices regulatory law, 49 Nitrate levels, 41 Nitrogen, saturation of soils, 66 Nonfederal cropland, diverted from forestland acreage, 27, 174t Nonfederal developed land, diverted from forestland acreage, 27, 174t Nonfederal forests acreage and owners with written forest management plans, 30, 182t acreage decreases and increases, 1 acreage in U.S., 25 area of forestland and units, by ownership, 30, 183t area owned, by size class of ownership, 30, 181t area whose ownership changed, 30, 181t artificial vs. natural origin of forest stands in Southeast region, 28, 178t assistance programs, 91 challenges for future investment in sustainability, 3-4 committee recommendations, 4-11 concentration (location)
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From page 241... ...
from industrial and nonindustrial private forestland, 34 timber industry employment, 1-2 timberland acreage, 27, 172t-173t timber products for export, 157 tree planting and seeding areas, 28-29, 176t-177t urban and community forestland, 27-28 Nonfederal pastureland, diverted from forestland acreage, 27, 174t Nonfederal public forests, investment issue, 119, 186t Nonfederal public land management agencies, 34 Nonfederal rangeland, land use and cover changes, 174t Nonindustrial forests, 10 Nonindustrial private forestland owners, 1 Nonindustrial private forests, 10, 29 for recreational opportunities, 39 investment issue, 118, 186t Nonindustrial private owners, landowner investment circumstances, 111-112 Nonprofit-organization initiatives, 2, 9394 Nonprofit-owned land, as habitat for endangered and threatened species, 40 Nontimber forest products, 36-37 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) , 158 North American Waterfowl Management Program, 43 North Carolina programs involving state- or countyowned forestlands, 115 timberland in Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 38
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From page 242... ...
See Interim Strategies for Managing Anadromous Fish Producing Watersheds in the Pacific Northwest Pacific Northwest Assistance Program, 188t, 198 Pacific Northwest Forest Plan, 44 Pacific Northwest region federal programs, 189t finances of state forestry agencies, l91t forest land area by ownership, 29, 179t mushroom harvesting, 36 nonfederal forestland acreage, 26, 117, 171t old-growth forests, 60, 61 plantation area on private timberland projected, 29, 178t private forestland area and private ownership units, 180t projected tree plantation, 63, 178t softwood inventory, 118-119, 186t state government forestry program expenditures, 190t timber harvest, 35, 185t
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From page 243... ...
INDEX timberland area, nonfederal public ownership, 30, 172t tree planting and seeding by ownership, 28, 176t urban forestland acreage, 175t Pacific Southwest region federal programs, 189t finances of state forestry agencies, l91t forest land area by ownership, 179t nonfederal forestland acreage, 26, 171t private forestland area and number of private ownership units, 180t state government forestry expenditures, loot timber harvest, 35, 185t timberland area by ownership, 172t tree planting and seeding by ownership, 176t urban forestland acreage, 175t Pampas grass, 70 Partners in Flight (PIF) Program, 43 Passive-active rules, 101 Passive-loss rules, 101 Payroll, in wood-based industries, 32, 33, 183t Pennsylvania, local forestry ordinances, 51 Permanent Appropriation, 44 Pesticides, 47 Phytophthora root rot, 69 "Pilot forests," 92 Pine cones, sale of, 36 Pine plantation area, in nonfederal forests, 28 Pine shoot beetle, 69 Plantation, 63, 91, 110, 119-120, 176t decline following Conservation Reserve Program decline, 123 fiscal incentives, 98 Poka vine, 70 Police power, 150, 152 Pollution control, 38 water, 40-41 President's Council on Sustainable Development, 16 Private cooperatives, 86 Private forest regions, as functional program delivery system, 85 243 Private Forestry programs, 43 Private initiatives, 91-96 Private investments capital, 121-122 rates of return, 121-122 regulatory effects, 122 scale of, 121 Private land, government restrictions on use of, 142 Private Lands Program, 43 Private natural-resource organizations, 96 Private ownership nonfederal forests, 29-30, 170t timberland area ownership by region, 172t-173t Private programs, nonfederal forests, 2 Private property rights and societal action, 143-146 Property rights, 142 balancing rights and responsibilities, 149-154 Property-rights laws of various states, 151 Property-rights movement, 153 Property tax assessments, 47 Property taxes, annual ad valorem, 102 Property tax laws, 126 Public and private landowner partnership, 86-87 Public investments, 122-125 incidence of, 125, 131 scale of, 124-125 Public-sector funding, 127 Public-service announcements, wildfire protection, 91 Pulp fiber production, 62 Purchase, of private lands, 2 Q Quality of life, nonfederal forests as contributor to, 19 Quinault tribe, 148- 149 R Rangelands, deterioration of, 70 Rare species, habitat of, 60-61
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From page 244... ...
, 103, 202 Rocky Mountain region federal programs, 189t forestland area by ownership, 179t nonfederal forestland acreage, 26, 117, 171t private forestland area and private ownership units, 180t state governemnt programs, 48, loot, 192t-193t timber harvest, 185t timberland acreage, 27, 173t tree planting and seeding, 177t urban forestland acreage, 175t Rolling easements, 106 Ruffed Grouse Society, 95 Rural Forestry Assistance program, 43, 81, 188t Rust, 69 S Safe harbor agreements, 107 Sanctuaries, 93-94 San Francisco Bay and Delta Estuary Initiatives, 44 Scotch broom, 70
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From page 245... ...
natural origin of forest stands on nonfederal timberland, 28, 178t federal programs, 189t finances of state forestry agencies, l91t forestland area by ownership, 29, 179t nonfederal forestland, 26, 17 it pine plantation projections, 28, 178t private forestland area and number of private ownership units, 180t projected tree plantations, 63, 178t state government programs, 48-49, 50, loot, 192t-193t stocking-control practices or regeneration, 123 timber harvest, 35, 185t timberland area by ownership, 173t tree planting and seeding by ownership, 28, 63, 177t urban forestland acreage, 28, 175t timberland acreage, 117 South Florida/Everglades Restoration, 44 Special income tax treatment, 20 Special Projects Program, 188t Sport Fish Restoration Program, 43 Stand canopies, closure hastened, 35 State-directed forestry programs, 202-204 State fish and game agencies, 39 State forestry agencies, 2 education and information programs, 96 finances by region and source of support, 46, l91t investments, 46 managing land for recreational opportunities, 39 programs to directly influence use and management of private forests, 47 State forestry programs, 43 effectiveness as judged, 52, l95t State forests, 10 landowner investment circumstances, 113-114, 115-116
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From page 246... ...
, 93, 113, 209 Sustained yield management, 63 Swan Valley Conservation Agreement, 85 T Target Industry Program (Michigan) , 114, 115, 128 Tax credits, 47, 126 Tax deductions, 126 Tax delinquency, 30, 31 Tax incentive programs, 52, 98, 99-102, 108, 110 effectiveness, state programs, l95t state government programs, 192t-193t, 203 wildlife protection, 48 Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, 99-100 Tax Reform Act of 1986, 100 Technical-assistance programs, 52, 96-98, 108, 110, 126 effectiveness, state programs, l95t public investments, 124, 131 state government programs, 192t-193t, 202 Technical forestry services, provision of, 2 Technology transfer, 136- 137 client groups and scope of programs, 136-137 Term easements, 106 Thinning, 69 Threatened species, 40, 48 decline in CRP planting of pine plantations, 123 educational programs, 52 habitat in nonfederal forests, 2 habitat losses, 61
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From page 247... ...
, 44 247 Trade agreements, 158-160, 163 nonfederal forests and, 11 Tree Assistance Program (TAP) , 45, 199 200 funding by region, 189t Tree canopies, in Milwaukee, 38 Tree-farm program, 92 Tree planting and plantations, 63 acreage by region and ownership, 28 29, 176t-177t programs, community involvement in, 38 Trees Atlanta, 85 Tribal forests, 1, 10; see also Native Americans economic benefits from, 34 employment and income, 2, 34 as habitat for endangered and threatened species, 40 landowner investment circumstances, 114 as sanctuaries, 39 Tribal Restricted Fee, 29 Tribal Simple, 29 Tribal Trust, 29 Trinity County, California, wildcrafting, 37 Trust for Public Land, 94 Trusts, private, 9 U United Nations' Conference on Environment and Development (June 1992)
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From page 248... ...
, 34 Forest Health Management programs, 196 Forestry Incentives Program, 199 identification of potentially deteriorating forest conditions, 57 national strategic plan for programs at 5-year intervals, 74-75 nonfederal forestland acreage estimate, 26 nonfederal-forests programs, 91 potentially serious and deteriorating situations in U.S. forests, 57, 58 programs administered by, 43 RPA Program prepared, 5 state and private forestry programs, 83, 125 State and Private Forestry unit, 6, 44, 79, 85, 96 State and Private Forestry unit, interfacing with states, 83 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
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From page 249... ...
, 43 White pine blister rust, 69 White-tailed deer, 58-59 Wildcrafting, 36, 37 Wildfire, 20, 57, 121 and alien plants spreading, 70 management, 6-7, 64-65 protection, 18, 47, 83, 91, 124 protection, state forestry program effectiveness, 52, l95t suppression, federal assistance to states, 4 Wildland and urban interface, 64 Wildlife habitat, 70, 93, 110, 122 habitat provided, ecological services in nonfederal forests, 2 management, 48 populations, 36 protection, 52 Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program, 43, 199 Wildlife Restoration Program, 43 Wisconsin assistance provided to counties, 114 programs involving state- or countyowned forestlands, 116 Wisconsin Bureau of Forestry, 127 Wood, shortfall, ways to make up for, 62 Wood-based industry landowner investment circumstances, 112-113 research funding, 135 World Commission on Environment and Development, 16, 17 World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
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From page 251... ...
, 180 pp., ISBN 0-309-04879-6 Soil and Water Quality: An Agenda for Agriculture (1993) , 516 pp., ISBN 0-309-04933-4 Managing Global Genetic Resources: Agricultural Crop Issues and Policies (1993)
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From page 252... ...
, 79 pp., ISBN 0-309-03496-5 Nutrient Requirements of Sheep, Sixth Revised Edition (1985) , 106 pp., ISBN 0-309-03596-1 Further information, additional titles (prior to 1984)
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