Forested Landscapes in Perspective Prospects and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of America's Nonfederal Forests (1998) / Chapter Skim
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4 Policies and Programs
4 Policies and Programs
Pages 42-54
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From page 42... ...
, and the USDA Farm Services Agency. Other agencies with programs for the use, management, and protection of nonfederal forests are the U.S.
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From page 44... ...
Forest Health Management Forest Health Management appropriations totaled $49.9 million in 1996, having steadily declined between 1992 and 1996 (Table A-23, A-24. Forest Health Management includes the Federal Lands Forest Health Management, Co
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From page 45... ...
In the past, forest health efforts have been focused on insects, diseases, and fires. The USDA Forest Service is expanding the concept of forest health to include ecosystem composition, structure, and function and maintenance of biological diversity.
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From page 46... ...
These laws can also require state actions that foster conditions favorable to the establishment of forest regulatory programs. For example, the Clean Water Act requires programs for controlling nonpoint-source pollution, and the Coastal Zone Management Act requires adoption of enforceable procedures to protect coastal resources.
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From page 47... ...
If serviceoriented programs and fiscal incentives fail to result in private forestry practices that complement societal interests in private forests, state governments can implement regulatory measures. These measures force uniform application of socially acceptable forest practices on all private lands within a state.
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From page 48... ...
State forestry agencies are unlikely to rely on a single type of program to influence the forestry practices of private landowners. For example, to protect water quality, educational and technical assistance programs are used by 46 and 47 states, respectively; 34 states also have chosen to use voluntary-guideline programs and 28 states employ regulatory measures for this purpose (Table A27~.
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From page 49... ...
. Regulatory Programs State Programs The first major state efforts to regulate the forestry practices of private landowners occurred in the 1930s and 1940s with the establishment of seed-tree laws, all of which have been repealed and replaced with more modern regulatory programs (Ellefson and Cubbage 1980~.
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From page 50... ...
Interest in adopting regulatory programs can also be the result of certain forest management practices, heightened public interest in natural environments, a regulatory climate fostered by federal environmental laws, sentiment favoring greater accountability, proliferation of local ordinances, landscape value of forests, and a desire to emulate the actions of other regulating entities. In most states, individuals and organizations with forestry interests oppose the adoption or expansion of regulatory programs, but some states are actively considering regulatory approaches.
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From page 51... ...
. For example, Oregon' s Forest Practices Act states that "no unit of local government shall adopt any rules, regulations or ordinances or take any other actions that prohibit, limit, regulate, subject to approval or in any other way affect forest practices on forest lands located outside of an acknowledged urban growth boundary" (Oregon Forest Practices Act 1993~.
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From page 52... ...
When asked to rate the capacity of different types of programs to influence private forestry practices in manners considered necessary to accomplish various forestry activities or objectives, program managers consistently judged educational and technical assistance programs to be the more effective means of influencing private forestry activities (Table A-29. They judged voluntary guideline and regulatory programs to be less effective or ineffective.
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From page 53... ...
Various efforts have been made to assess the effectiveness of programs directed at nonfederal forests. Although study results are at times mixed and vary by region, technical assistance and cost-share programs have been judged effective in promoting forest productivity and stewardship; voluntary guidelines, tax incentive, and regulatory programs are considered less effective.
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