Reproductive Health in Developing Countries Expanding Dimensions, Building Solutions (1997) / Chapter Skim
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1Summary In 1994 representatives of more than 180 nations met at the InternationalConference on Population and Development (ICPD) and approved a Programme of Action to improve reproductive health.
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2 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES • An estimated 50 million induced abortions are performed each year, with some 20 million of these performed in unsafe circumstances or by untrained providers. • Almost 600,000 women each year die due to pregnancy-related causes, 99 percent of them in developing countries.
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SUMMARY 3 more than information about reproduction, contraception, and STDs. Evidence, albeit mainly from developed countries, suggests that welldesigned sexuality education can reduce risky sexual behaviors.
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4 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES These infections can have severe consequences, including enhanced HIV transmission, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and genital neoplasia. Nearly every pathogen that is sexually transmitted can also be passed on to the fetus or infant, often with tragic consequences such as AIDS, fetal wastage, premature birth, permanent neurological impairment, or blindness.
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SUMMARY 5 currently available tools should be a routine responsibility of family planning and other reproductive health services. Management of STDs can and should be offered by every facility, program, or country that wishes to improve reproductive health.
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6 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES scribed therapy. Efforts should focus on reducing use of harmful intravaginal substances (i.e., douches and desiccants)
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SUMMARY 7 use contraceptives and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods available. Use of contraceptive pills for emergency contraception appears safe and effective for women who have unprotected mid-cycle intercourse.
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8 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES cies, and refer women to expensive, distant, and ineffective sources of treatment. Improvements in maternal death rates will require access to facilities and trained providers and equipment in facilities that can carry out essential care of obstetric complications.
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SUMMARY 9 (and those who influence them) need to know signs of obstetric complications and where to seek care.
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10 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Whether to integrate services at different levels cannot be decided in the abstract. Functional integration may increase the convenience of services for clients, increase the likelihood that their particular needs will be diagnosed and met, and minimize "down time" for multipurpose providers.
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SUMMARY 11 COSTS, FINANCING, AND SETTING PRIORITIES Financial, managerial and administrative resources for health are tightly constrained in low-income countries. Recommendations for reproductive health must be considered in light of such overall resource constraints.
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