Reproductive Health in Developing Countries Expanding Dimensions, Building Solutions (1997) / Chapter Skim
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13 1 Introduction In 1994 representatives of nearly 180 countries at the International Con-ference on Population and Development (ICPD) adopted a Programme of Action, a crucial section of which included a definition of reproductive health (United Nations, 1994)
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14 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES services, as well as action by sectors other than health to create the supportive environment for improvements in reproductive health. Implementing the Programme of Action will require improvements in the quality and range of existing services, as well as basic and applied research on new services.
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INTRODUCTION 15 ever, many of the conclusions and recommendations are also relevant to the formerly socialist countries in transition to market economies and to high-income countries. Reproductive health overlaps with, but is not the same as, women's health.
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16 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Some 7.6 million infants die in the perinatal period each year. Far larger numbers of women and their children survive the reproductive process but with disabilities that may profoundly affect their lives.
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INTRODUCTION 17 tasks can be undertaken against a background of relatively stable population growth. Rapid urbanization is the other demographic change that is affecting the populations that are the focus of this report.
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18 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SCOPE OF THE REPORT The panel's work builds in many ways on the report of the Committee on Population's Working Group on Health Effects of Contraception and Reproduction (National Research Council, 1989) , which strengthened the scientific understanding of associations of fertility patterns and family planning with infant and maternal health.
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INTRODUCTION 19 aggravated by pregnancy: we include as reproductive health those programs that help prevent pregnancy but not those that disrupt malaria transmission. The framework we use does not include actions to improve child survival after the first week of life, though many of the interventions we discuss (improved pregnancy and delivery care and child spacing and fertility limitation)
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