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Interactions of Drugs, Biologics, and Chemicals in U.S. Military Forces (1996) / Chapter Skim
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1: INTRODUCTION
Pages 9-13

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From page 9...
... The Institute assembled a committee of experts in pharmacology, drug safety assessment, immunology, vaccinology, epidemiology, biostatistics, occupational health, environmental health, toxicology, and biomedical administration. The names of potential committee members were sought from a variety of sources, and the final committee roster was approved by the chairman of the National Research Council.
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From page 10...
... Even if it were possible to study all combinations of agents in epidemiologic or animal model systems, it is unlikely that such a strategy would work. Many confounding factors would be encountered in epidemiologic studies; for example, host susceptibility factors such as age, race, sex, comorbid conditions, and other effect modifiers could affect the results.
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From page 11...
... There is a vast literature on drug-drug interactions; for example, standard compendia can be used to identify potentially interacting drug combinations (Hansten and Horn, 1993; Tarto, 1995~. However, the bulk of the more than 10,000 publications on drug interactions in the medical literature primarily comprises pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic studies with humans and animals, case reports, review articles, animal studies, and in vitro studies.
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From page 12...
... Studies of the effects of tobacco smoke and of engine exhaust provide examples of studies of complex mixtures. Toxicologists generally have a much broader range of study tools than investigators who are limited to studying humans, but this advantage is offset by the disadvantage that data not derived from human sources must be extrapolated to humans, with varying degrees of uncertainty.
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From page 13...
... INTRODUCTION 13 In the remainder of the report, Chapter 2 discusses the current prophylactic agents given to military personnel, Chapter 3 briefly describes the surveillance tools currently available to the military, Chapter 4 presents the strategy for identifying and dealing with the various types of interactions, Chapter 5 addresses in greater detail the study and management of the various types of interactions, and Chapter 6 contains the committee's findings and recommendations. A glossary of technical terms and acronyms is also provided.
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Key Terms

  • complex mixtures
  • military personnel
  • medical literature
  • military forces
  • existing literature

  • meaningful estimates
  • environmental contaminants
  • strong utility
  • pharmacodynamic studies
  • routinely receive

  • little information
  • drug safety
  • diminished effects
  • pharmacokinetic principles
  • clinically meaningful

  • warfare byproducts
  • drug reactions
  • drug combinations
  • data submitted
  • vaccine interactions

  • statistical interaction
  • mixtures date
  • exhaust provide
  • using individually
  • single products

  • tobacco smoke
  • vast literature
  • medline search
  • own medline
  • studying interactions


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