Linking Research and Public Health Practice A Review of CDC's Program of Centers for Research and Demonstration of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (1997) / Chapter Skim
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The Research and Demonstration Projects Conducted by the Prevention Research Centers
The Research and Demonstration Projects Conducted by the Prevention Research Centers
Pages 33-48
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From page 33... ...
The committee has not assessed the research and demonstration projects of individual PRCs because the scope of the committee's charge is a review of the entire PRC program, not of the individual centers or their research projects. No comprehensive evaluation of the individual PRCs has ever been done.
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From page 34... ...
In addressing this question, the committee found it necessary to expand the traditional criterion of innovativeness to encompass the populations and problems addressed. A research project might not be judged innovative as basic research, but may be innovative in the context of the purpose of the PRC program if it addressed an underserved or previously unreached population, or if it were to test previously tested methods on a different but important health problem.
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From page 35... ...
; culturally specific and sensitive smoking prevention and cessation programs, as well as dietary and exercise programs, for Native American youth (Oklahoma) ; · an adolescent pregnancy prevention education program using a computer program called"Babygame" (Columbia)
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From page 36... ...
Methodology units of this sort are also likely to increase the PRC's ability to raise research funding from sources other than CDC. Thus, the committee recommends that · PRCs should include methodology units or assigned personnel in support of research methods development as a core activity.
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From page 37... ...
Provision for regular staff meetings that are well and willingly attended; frequent occasions for open, shared intellectual interchange; and interlocking collaborative efforts will be more indicative of the existence of a real PRC than any accounting of the sources of compensation or other resources. As a PRC matures, it is to be expected that its senior members will have increasing portions of their time committed to their own projects and to advisory roles in the work of their junior colleagues.
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From page 38... ...
These criteria should include: the magnitude of the problem, based on morbidity and mortality data and the number and kinds of people affected; · the severity of the problem and the effectiveness of available or potential interventions; · the funding level and degree of activity already present within the community; · the level of expertise at the PRC; public health practice needs; · the level of interest of local partners and stakeholders. Stakeholders should be identified and may appropriately include state and local health departments, which have a responsibility to assure that health promotion and disease prevention information and services are available in the community (IOM, 1988, 1996b)
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From page 39... ...
UIC researchers, for example, tested a self-help smoking cessation program incorporating television broadcasting and manuals, and found that it was successful in attracting smokers who were difficult to reach by other means: AfricanAmericans, females, and those with annual incomes under $13,000. Phase V: Dissemination of interventions.
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From page 40... ...
In general, PRCs describe their projects as relevant to their themes, addressing health problems of importance, or at least acceptable, to the community. The quality of research and demonstration projects may be enhanced by the existence of an internal quality control mechanism for reports, publications, research proposals, and other PRC products.
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From page 41... ...
In New York, Columbia has partnered with the local Safe Kids/Healthy Neighborhoods Coalition. Johns Hopkins is working collaboratively with several local health departments to evaluate teen pregnancy prevention programs and school-based health clinics, and the PRC cooperates with Salisbury State University to improve connections to the rural Eastern Shore region of Maryland.
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From page 42... ...
In this context and elsewhere in this report, it must be remembered that public health practice involves many public agencies and private community organizations as well as leaders and other individuals in the community (IOM 1988, 1996a, 1996b)
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From page 43... ...
Integration of PRC activities with state and local health agencies is a critical as well as explicit component of PRC operations. Involvement of the public health practice community including state and local public health agencies and community-based organizations, as well as the community or population under study-in the development of their health promotion and disease prevention research agenda should be an important consideration in that agenda-setting process.
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From page 44... ...
The PRCs have employed a variety of methods for dissemination, including publishing in the scientific literature; providing workshop-mediated training methods; using advanced communications technologies, including interactive media; developing written and graphic materials for lay audiences; distributing training materials for professional and varied lay audiences; and attending meetings to present results to a wide variety of audiences (for example, local and state health departments, policymakers, public health professionals, lay audiences, education and social science professionals, and numerous organizations including schools, work sites, managed care organizations, and voluntary health organizations)
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From page 45... ...
PRCs can employ a variety of methods for dissemination, as illustrated above, including publishing in the scientific literature; providing workshopmediated training methods; using advanced communications technologies, including interactive media; developing written and graphic materials for lay audiences; and distributing training materials for professional and varied lay audiences. PRC personnel can also attend meetings to present results to a wide variety of audiences (for example, local and state health departments,
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From page 46... ...
Prevention Networks The impact of the PRC program can be enhanced through cooperative dissemination activities among the PRCs, and between the network of PRCs and other health promotion organizations such as state and local health departments in the United States and elsewhere. Dissemination activities, especially those involving the academic and public health practice communities jointly, can accelerate the diffusion of new public health practices (Schwartz and Capwell, 1995~.
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From page 47... ...
The PRC program also fosters the development of academic research in questions related to public health practice, community interventions, and the development of community links for translating research findings into practice. Overall, the committee finds that the PRC program has made substantial progress and is to be commended for its accomplishments in advancing the scientific infrastructure in support of disease prevention and health promotion policy, programs, and practices.
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