Toxicologic Assessment of the Army's Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests (1997) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction
Introduction
Pages 17-24
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The potential tactical use of BW agents required the development of tables of munitions requirements (the quantities of materials required to achieve particular military objectives) for the strategic use of BW agents against specific cities.
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Nonbiologic simulants are nonliving inert (usually inorganic) materials; they are formed to resemble the size of BW agents for dispersion in the air in a manner similar to BW agents, but they are not themselves BW agents.
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The tests proved the feasibility of covering large areas (thousands of square molest of a country with BW agents based on ZnCdS particles as simulants. PUBLIC CONCERN IN RESPONSETO ZNCDS DISPERSION TESTS On learning of the dispersion tests in the early 1 990s, government officials and citizens in several places, such as Minneapolis, N[N, Corpus Christi,
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AEHA concluded: "Conservative evaluation of the available data using EPA risk assessment methodology and comparisons with available standards, ambient air data, and health effects information indicates that the measured concentrations in the test areas should not have been associated with any adverse health effects for residents in the test areas. The estimated excess cancer risks are much less than the risk levels generally considered acceptable by the EPA.
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locations, hold public meetings in selected cities where ZnCdS tests were conducted, and review the environmental fate of ZnCdS. The Research Council assigned the project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT)
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and contains the subcommittee's preliminary health risk assessment of ZnCdS exposures, (2) a comprehensive final technical report (the present report)
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A vast amount of data on cadmium toxicity is available in the open literature; the subcommittee drew heavily on the detailed toxicity reviews conducted by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR 1993) , International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC 1993)
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Chapter 3 reviews the toxicity and related data on ZnCdS, and Chapter 4 evaluates the toxicity, environmental fate, and epidemiology data of cadm~um compounds. Chapter 5 evaluates the exposures to ZnCdS and cadmium, and Chapter 6 contains the subcommittee's risk assessments of ZnCdS for noncancer and cancer effects.
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