Toxicologic Assessment of the Army's Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests (1997) / Chapter Skim
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Exposure Assessment
Exposure Assessment
Pages 57-66
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From page 57... ...
ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE The subcommittee reviewed the Army's sampling and analytic methods for assessing exposures to ZnCdS and the Army's documents on exposure to ZnCdS in various locations. The Army measured the concentration of ZnCdS particles in its dispersion studies with impingement and filtration methods.
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59 ~ x t~, E C¢ ~ ~ oo 4)
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Food is the largest potential source of cadmium exposure for the general population. There are several estimates of the daily adult intake of cadmium from food in the United States, but there is considerable variation among those estimates.
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shows the typical ranges of daily cadmium intake by exposure pathway. Food products and water contribute almost all the typical daily
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Typical ranges of daily cadmium intake by exposure pathway. human exposure; inhalation contributes a very small Faction.
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To consider both direct inhalation exposures and indirect exposures (ingestion and through skin contact) in its risk assessment, the subcommittee developed potential dose ratios that relate the direct-inhalation potential dose to the indirect potential doses associated with the same air concentration.
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potential inhalation doses to cadm~um in the form of ZnCdS in locations where ZnCdS was released.
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. TABLE 5-2 Summary of Potential Dose Ratios for Direct and Indirect Exposure Pathways Potential Dose Ratio, Exposure Pathway Inhalation Inhalation of resuspended soil outdoors Decimal contact with and Ingestion of house dust hnhalation of resuspended house dust Indirect Deposition onto vegetation in home gar- Indirect dens Direct or Indirect ~g/~pg-h)
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that were above the estimated urban average daily airborne cadmium in about half the test sites, these short-term high concentrations had minimal impact on indirect cadmium exposures (from water, food, and soil)
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