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INTRODUCTION
Pages 1-5

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From page 1...
... Protection of intellectual property rights has helped researchers and institutions to attract research funding and has helped firms to raise investment capital and pursue product development. But it has also periodically generated complaints and concerns about its effect on the progress of science and on the dissemination and use of new knowledge.
From page 2...
... University scientists complain that the eagerness of private firms to preserve intellectual property poses a threat to open scientific communication, that the prospect of obtaining patents influences research agendas, that overly broad patents stifle research, and that licensing practices impede access to and use of genetic materials and DNA technology. Yet few scientists today would voice wholesale opposition to patenting itself; scientists' concern is more likely to be how to ensure access to patented inventions on reasonable terms.
From page 3...
... Indeed, most of the early biotechnology companies were founded by university professors, and many universities now offer "incubator space" for start-up biotechnology companies working in collaboration with university researchers. Pharmaceutical companies are also increasingly eager to establish collaborations with university researchers.
From page 4...
... Rebecca Eisenberg provides a legal orientation to the problem of intellectual property rights in research tools and reviews legal and commercial developments of the last 15 years that have made intellectual property issues particularly prominent in molecular biology. Drawing from his collaboration with Roberto Mazzoleni, Richard Nelson reviews and critiques various theories about the economic costs and benefits of patenting.
From page 5...
... Trends in university patenting 1965-1992. Paper presented at the CEPR/AAAS conference "University Goals, Institutional Mechanisms, and the 'Industrial Transferability' of Research." Weiner C


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