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Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C Options for Dealing with Uncertainties
Pages 383-386

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From page 383...
... The most significant inference uncertainties arise in risk assessments whenever attempts are macle to answer the following questions (NRC, 1994~: · What sates) of hazard and close-response ciata (for a given substance)
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From page 384...
... In the absence of complete understanding of biological mechanisms, it is generally assumed that, except possibly for certain carcinogens, a threshold dose must be exceeded before toxicity is expressed. These types of long-standing assumptions, which are necessary to complete a risk assessment, are recognized by risk assessors as attempts to clear with uncertainties in knowledge (NRC, 1994~.
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From page 385...
... The NRC committee recommencleci that regulatory agencies in the United States iclentify the neecleci "inference options" in risk-assessment and specify, through written risk assessment guidelines, the specific options that will be used for all assessments. Agencies in the United States have iclentifieci the specific models to be used to fill gaps in ciata and knowledge; these have come to be called default options (EPA, 1986~.
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From page 386...
... The various approaches to clearing with uncertainties inherent to risk assessment, and cliscusseci in the foregoing sections, are summarizeci in Table C-1. As will be seen in the chapters on each nutrient, specific default assumptions for assessing nutrient risks have not been recommencieci.
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Key Terms

  • risk characterization
  • relevant scientific
  • true state
  • scientifically plausible
  • allow risk

  • basic knowledge
  • animal species
  • based answers
  • complete understanding
  • uncertainties arise

  • uncertainties inherent
  • support alternatives
  • significant inference
  • definitive empirical
  • various approaches

  • provide explicit
  • inference uncertainties
  • default assumptions
  • assessments whenever
  • fill knowledge

  • information bearing
  • human risk
  • empirically based
  • plausible models
  • human population

  • assessing nutrient
  • assessment issued
  • plausible options
  • whenever attempts
  • assessors complete


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