The National Academies Press

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1 INTRODUCTION
Pages 24-39

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From page 24... ... Regardless of the specific setting or circumstances, however, rehabilitation is the process by which physical, sensory, and mental capacities are restored or developed in (and for) people with disabling conditions reversing what has been called the disabling process, and may therefore be called the enabling process. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... Because of the importance of both science and engineering in advancing rehabilitation efforts and addressing the needs of people with disabling conditions, the committee uses the term rehabilitation science and engineering throughout this report to emphasize the importance of both and their synergistic contributions in the process of achieving optimal function. As originally described by Saad Nagi in the 1950s and refined most recently in the 1991 Institute of Medicine (IOM) Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... Cannot pull with arm Inability or limitation in performing socially defined activities and roles expected of individuals within a social and physical environment Societytask performance within the social and cultural context Change of job; can no longer swim recreationally Importance of Team Approach Effective rehabilitation addresses an individual's physical, psychological, and environmental needs in an organized and personalized manner and is not limited in the case of chronic conditions to some finite period of time following the initiation of a disabling condition. It is only appropriate, then, that an effective rehabilitation program would incorporate the views and skills of many specialists and experts working together for a common goal. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... The team approach is important not only in practice but also in rehabilitation research, where much of the focus is turning to disability as the result of the interaction between the characteristics of an individual with disabling conditions and the characteristics of that person's environment. Rehabilitation programs and research are beginning to emphasize the role of the environment in determining disability. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... The armor makers of the medieval era were skilled at making functionally effective artificial hands and leg prostheses of metal and were probably early forerunners of today's prosthetists and orthotists. In Goethe's play The Iron Hand, the noble German knight Gotz von Berlichingen remarks that his iron hand had served him better in the fight than ever did the original of flesh. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... Subsequently, at the Charity Hospital in Berlin, Sauerbruch worked together with Konrad Biesalski of the Oscar Helene Helm Hospital to devise better hand replacement techniques. Biesalski developed muscle exercise and stretching equipment, which may have been some of the first physical therapy equipment, for use in training and strengthening an amputee's muscles during the period following Sauerbruch's tunnel cineplasty surgical procedures. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... John Stanley Coulter, a physical therapy physician had considerable impact on the practice and professional development of the field of physical therapy and on what was ultimately to become physiatry (the name was formally recognized in 1946~. The field of physical therapy grew rapidly as a result of World War I and as a result of polio treatment centers. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... -- r -- -- -- -- - -- r r World War II accelerated demands in military hospitals for rehabilitation professionals. During this period the focus of physical medicine began to broaden from the recovery of ambulation and low-energy activities in individuals with disabling conditions to the comprehensive restoration of an individual's physical, mental, emotional, vocational, and social capacities (Kottke and Knapp, 1988~. Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... Besides starting the VA hospital system, Magnuson also founded the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago and believed devoutly in vocational rehabilitation. Following World War II orthopedic surgeons influenced rehabilitation programs all across the United States, being particularly known for their work with children, human ambulation, amputation, and prosthetics and orthotics. Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... . The initial research work described in that book, conducted largely through the military and VA, was so successful that it was soon copied by civilian agencies and may be viewed as the beginning of most federal support involving science, engineering, and technology in disability and rehabilitation-related research. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... In 1970, prosthetists and orthotists formed the American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists, and research began to expand beyond amputations to other disabling conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke, and cerebral palsy. At about that time a new field called rehabilitation engineering began to emerge, and the field has flourished in the United States for the last 25 years, enabling many Americans with disabling conditions to have access to the leading rehabilitation technologies in the world. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... ORIGIN, SCOPE, AND ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT In light of the many and varied programs in rehabilitation research and the growing number of people with disabling conditions, Senator Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... More specifically, the Institute of Medicine assembled a committee with expertise in rehabilitation science and engineering, health policy, basic biomedical rehabilitation and clinical research, assistive technology, social science, program evaluation, economics, and public administration and policy to address the following tasks: � Assess and evaluate the current content, quality, and adequacy of the knowledge base in rehabilitation science and engineering. Therefore, in this report the committee evaluates the status of professional disciplines involved in rehabilitation science; the related needs for education, training, and research; and the potential need for a new discipline in rehabilitation . Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... The committee thus describes potential organizational and administrative options for implementing an enhanced national program, establishes priority research categories within the context of resource limitations, and makes recommendations for enhanced coordination among federal researchers and research programs. The remainder of this report is organized into Chapters 2 to 11 and Appendixes A to D Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... Describe and recommend mechanisms for effective transfer and clinical translation of scientific findings, advances, and information that will promote health and health care for people with disabilities and disabling conditions. Review and critically evaluate current federal programmatic efforts in rehabilitation science and engineering as to their productivity, relevance, and coordination. Read the entire page →

From page 24...

... Regardless of the specific setting or circumstances, however, rehabilitation is the process by which physical, sensory, and mental capacities are restored or developed in (and for) people with disabling conditions reversing what has been called the disabling process, and may therefore be called the enabling process.

1 INTRODUCTION Pages 24-39

1 INTRODUCTION
Pages 24-39