Dispelling the Myths About Addiction Strategies to Increase Understanding and Strengthen Research (1997) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 11-18
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From page 11... ...
The economic consequences of drug addiction and abuse are staggering; their cost is estimated at more than $257 billion per year. Although legal drugs account for the vast majority of deaths and health-related costs, illegal drugs also have dramatic economic costs to governments and communities, including costs related to crime and crime prevention.
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From page 12... ...
The major goals of the study were to identify strategies to increase the visibility of the important contributions of research on addiction, identify factors that may encourage and discourage the entry and career longevity of talented researchers in the field, and suggest ways to reduce any disincentives found. The committee identified six areas that present challenges in the research and public arenas and developed strategies to address these challenges.
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From page 13... ...
One of the debates in the field is whether addiction is best defined as a disorder, a chronic disease, a complex set of symptoms, or a behavioral condition. This and other IOM committees have defined drug addiction as a brain disease similar to other chronic, relapsing conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes, and manifested by a complex set of behaviors that are the result of genetic, biological, psychosocial, and environmental interactions (IOM, 1995, 1996~.~ Medical diagnostic systems have defined addiction as compulsive use of a drug that is not medically necessary, accompanied by impairment in health or social functioning (APA, 1994; WHO, 1992~.2 The term "substance dependence" is used by these classification systems as equivalent to addiction, but the term dependence is often confused with other aspects of addiction.
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From page 14... ...
. As the medical model of opioid addiction became accepted, the term addiction or "addict" was thought to carry a social stigma that undermined attempts to cast the problem as a disease and thereby to bolster more humane treatment of persons with addictive disorders.
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identified a typology of drug dependence based on seven classes of substances that were widely abused (Eddy et al., 1965~. The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV)
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These chapters identify specific barriers to progress and offer recommendations and suggestions for strategies that may lessen the impact of these barriers. Chapter 6 identifies critical issues regarding the education and training of future addiction researchers, including science curricula in schools and colleges, graduate schools, and medical schools, as well as issues of mentoring and the need for interdisciplinary training.
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From page 17... ...
Significant tolerance and dependence-withdrawal following chronic use; intense craving; opioid addiction. Produce dose-dependent mild-strong CNS stimulation, behavioral hyperactivity, adverse cardiovascular effects, euphoria.
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From page 18... ...
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 32:721-733. Goldstein A
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