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Appendix F
Pages 193-198

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From page 193...
... Dopamine systems: identification, cloning, and characterization of five distinct dopamine receptor subtypes; chromosomal mapping of human and mouse dopamine receptor genes; elucidation of mechanisms controlling dopamine receptor expression and signaling; cloning and characterization of the gene and complementary deoxyribonucleic acid sequence (cDNA) for the dopamine transporter; chromosomal mapping of human dopamine transporter; and increased understanding of molecular anatomy and regulatory mechanisms of dopaminergic systems in common reward mechanisms.
From page 194...
... Specific interaction sites for cocaine and amphetamine identified on dopamine transporter. Genetically altered mice for dopamine receptors and transporter have produced exciting new models for role of dopamine in cocaine and amphetamine action and brain reward systems in general.
From page 195...
... Acute alcohol effects on NMDA-glutamate receptor and downstream actions of increased intracellular Ca++ on nitric oxide production implicated in acute tolerance development. Chronic alcohol down-regulation of GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor complex and up-regulation of NMDA-glutamate receptor complex implicated in chronic tolerance development.
From page 196...
... · Prevention and/or reversal of opioid tolerance and dependence by NMDA antagonists, CCK antagonists, delta receptor agonists, and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Substantial progress on molecular adaptations produced by acute or chronic opioids in the brain.
From page 197...
... 197 e Exp grim antal evaluation of op to id Toni ash serotop~ remake ~~bRo~, 3-~ _onb~, Ad dop~e D~ Occur Agonies ~ Anew far alcohol dependence. @ Qua gene mpg of chromosomes Socked w~ alcohol pre~rence, sensitive, tolerance, Ad wi~aL ~ IdemiMc~ion of genetic veins of principal endues of alcohol met~oUsm ~ sequence Cabal Agog Ed dependence.


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