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From page 211... ... Index A Academic Career Award, 108 Academic Centers of Excellence, 6, 8, 135 Acamprosate, 81, 200 Access to substances, 62-63, 65-66 Accreditation and certification, 5, 106, 111 Acetylcholine, 40 Addiction behavioral effects, 45 costs, 2, 11, 25-28 definition, 1, 13-14 multifactorial model, 13, 37-39, 48, 162 neurobiology of transition to, 42-46 patterns of early substance use, 19-20 risk factors, 47-49 Addiction Severity Index, 76 Adenosine metabolism, 172-173 rationale for early intervention, l 9 substance use trends, 25 Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 8, 134 Alcohol use/abuse access effects, 62 advertising bans, 58-60 age at onset, 47 aversive reaction, 47 costs, 2 demographic patterns, 22-23 detoxification, 74 fetal alcohol syndrome, 58 as gateway drug, 22 genetic risk factors, 47-48, 17~176 legal restrictions, 65-66 media portrayals, 65 neurochemistry, 40, 41, 45, 169, 171 Advertisingbans 58-60 176 ' pharmacotherapy, 81 Advocacy and consumer groups, 208-209 prevalence, 21-22, 170 competition among, 141-142 price effects 61 for needs of addicted persons, 141-142 recommendations for, 9, 146 role of, 14~146 Age variation alcohol use, 22 alcohol use, risk of, 47 illicit drug use patterns, 20 nicotine use, 22 211 psychosocial interventions, 79, 80 recent research advances, 195, 1961 97, 1 99, 202-203 related morbidity/mortality, 22 server role, 62 social costs, 25, 27 tolerance, 170-l 71 treatment effectiveness, 73 Read the entire page →
From page 212... ... 83 Desipramine, 80 Detoxification, 74 in opioid addiction treatment 83 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dcsorders-I V, I ~ Disease model, 1, 9- 10 n. l, 13 37-38 pediatric onset, 19 personal agency and 48 public education, 144 vs. Read the entire page →
From page 213... ... 200 Gender differences, 21 alcohol use, 23 nicotine use, 23-24 Gene knockout research, l 64, 193 Genetic predisposition, 47-48, 164. 174 176 expertise in substance abuse studies, 100, 101 Geographic variation? Read the entire page →
From page 214... ... 1 Mortality, alcohol-related, 22 Motivation moralistic view of addiction, 140 to use drugs, 45 N Nalmefene, 49 Naloxone, 85 Naltrexone, 49, 81, 84, 164, 166, 200 National Alliance of Methadone Advocates, 14] National Cancer Institute, 118, 119 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 118, 121 National Institue of Mental Health recommendations for, 7-8 research funding, 118 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism recommendations for, 6, 109,132-133, 136 research funding, l l 6,118, 119- 120, 121 speeding, 30 National Institute on Drug Abuse recommendations for, 6, 7-8,109, 132-133, 136 research budget, 30, i 16, 118, 119 120,121 National Institutes of Health recommendations for, 8, 132, 134, 135 research funding, l 16, 119, 121 Read the entire page →
From page 215... ... 82-83 Peer relations, 56 preventive interventions based on, 64 Personality trait risk factors, 56 Pharmacotherapy cocaine use, 81-82, 16~165 education, substance abuse studies in, 100 opioid addiction, 83, 84-85 with psychosocial intervention, 80 recent research advances, 199-200 research challenges, 87 role of, 81 treatment matching, 82 Ph.D. programs, 133 recommendations for, 6, 109 Phoenix House, 78 Polysubstance abuse, 15 Posttraumatic stress disorder, 46 Pregnancy, 57-58, 164 Prevalence age patterns, 20 alcohol use/abuse, 21-22, 170 ethnicity patterns, 21 trends? Read the entire page →
From page 216... ... 216 Preventive interventions advertising restrictions, 58-60 family-based, 65 federal funding, 30,32-33 indicated, 3, 57 law-based, 65-66 media-based, 65 no-smoking areas, 60-61 peer-based, 64 price controls, 61-62 in primary care settings, 63 private speeding, 32 psychosocial factors, 2-3 rationale for early intervention, 10-20, 163-164 restricting access for children, 62-63 in schools, 63-64 selective, 3,57 target types, 3 universal, 3, 57 warning labels, 57-58 See also Relapse prevention Primary care medicine, 63 education in substance abuse issues, 103-104, 110 nicotine cessation interventions, 85-86 recommendations for education and training, 8, 134 Private sector recommendations for, 7, 132 research careers in, 131 spending, 32 Professional societies board certificationlcontinuing education in abuse specialties, 5, 110-111 recommendations for, =5, 98 Protective factors, 3 Protein kineses, 171-172, 173-174 Psychosocial functioning alcohol server interactions, 62 co-occuring psychiatric disorders and substance use, 5~57 effects of advertising, 58-60 initiation of drug use, 2-3 peer relations, 56 personality traits as risk factors, 56 INDEX psychiatric/psychological practice specialization, 110 research challenges, 66 research issues, 55 treatment strategies, 79-80 Psychotropic drugs, 14 Public awareness and education, 16, 208 advertising bans, 58-60 advocacy for addiction services, l 41142, 208-209 barriers to research, 142 content, 9 importance of, for research efforts, 9, 139 media-based interventions, 65 moralistic view of addiction, 139-140 recommendations for, 9, 144 school-based interventions, 63-64 selective preventive interventions, 3, 57 trends in substance use and, 24 universal preventive interventions, 3, 57 warning labels, 57-58 R Rehabilitation, 74 Reimbursement issues, 3 Relapse prevention, 74 opioid addiction treatment, 84 psychosocial interventions, 80 research issues, 165-166 Research career pathways, 96, 115 clinical, 8, 133-134 collaborative interdisciplinary, 8-9, 13~136, 167, 205-206 competition among researchers, 131 132 federal funding, 30, 33, 116, ] 18, 119121 funding trends, 119-120, 121 historical development, 178- 192 in initiation processes, 163-165 issues in addiction, 11-12 mentors, 5-6, 106-109, 206-207 obstacles to career development, 16, 95, 115, 133-134, 206, 207 Read the entire page →
From page 217... ... 134 Support groups, 74 T Therapeutic communities, 77-78 Tolerance to alcohol effects, 170- 171 definition, 13 neurobiology, 45-46 Treatment, 16 cue-dependent memory, 46, 56 detoxification, 74 effectiveness, 3-4, 32, 73-74, 79, 87 federal funding, 30, 32-33 follow-up, 74 historical development, 178- 192 implications of model of addiction, 2, 48-49,50,75 length of, 76 nicotine cessation programs, 85-87 opioid addiction, 83-85 outcome determinants, 4, 74, 75 patient-treatment matching, 4, 82-83 pharmacotherapy, 80, 81-82 private spending, 32 psychosocial, 79-80 recent advances in behavioral sciences research, 201-203 recent advances in pharmacotherapy research, 199-200 recommendations for professional education and certification, 6 109111 rehabilitation stage, 74 relapse prevention, 74, 80 research issues, 4, 87, 109-110, 165 settings, 75-78 social stigma as obstacle to. 140 stages of, 74 Read the entire page →
From page 218... ... 218 support groups, 74 variation in services, 4, 7~75 U Undergraduate education, 4-5, 98 University of Pennsylvania Medical School, 101 Use definition, 13 n.1 neurobiology of transition to addiction, 42-46 INDEX W Warning labels, 57-58 White House Office of National Drug Control Policy, 9, 136 Withdrawal, 45 alcohol, 171-172 opioid, 83, 85 Workplace costs of substance abuse, 1 1 World Health Organization, 15 Read the entire page →

From page 211...

... Index A Academic Career Award, 108 Academic Centers of Excellence, 6, 8, 135 Acamprosate, 81, 200 Access to substances, 62-63, 65-66 Accreditation and certification, 5, 106, 111 Acetylcholine, 40 Addiction behavioral effects, 45 costs, 2, 11, 25-28 definition, 1, 13-14 multifactorial model, 13, 37-39, 48, 162 neurobiology of transition to, 42-46 patterns of early substance use, 19-20 risk factors, 47-49 Addiction Severity Index, 76 Adenosine metabolism, 172-173 rationale for early intervention, l 9 substance use trends, 25 Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 8, 134 Alcohol use/abuse access effects, 62 advertising bans, 58-60 age at onset, 47 aversive reaction, 47 costs, 2 demographic patterns, 22-23 detoxification, 74 fetal alcohol syndrome, 58 as gateway drug, 22 genetic risk factors, 47-48, 17~176 legal restrictions, 65-66 media portrayals, 65 neurochemistry, 40, 41, 45, 169, 171 Advertisingbans 58-60 176 ' pharmacotherapy, 81 Advocacy and consumer groups, 208-209 prevalence, 21-22, 170 competition among, 141-142 price effects 61 for needs of addicted persons, 141-142 recommendations for, 9, 146 role of, 14~146 Age variation alcohol use, 22 alcohol use, risk of, 47 illicit drug use patterns, 20 nicotine use, 22 211 psychosocial interventions, 79, 80 recent research advances, 195, 1961 97, 1 99, 202-203 related morbidity/mortality, 22 server role, 62 social costs, 25, 27 tolerance, 170-l 71 treatment effectiveness, 73

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From page 212...

... 83 Desipramine, 80 Detoxification, 74 in opioid addiction treatment 83 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dcsorders-I V, I ~ Disease model, 1, 9- 10 n. l, 13 37-38 pediatric onset, 19 personal agency and 48 public education, 144 vs.

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From page 213...

... 200 Gender differences, 21 alcohol use, 23 nicotine use, 23-24 Gene knockout research, l 64, 193 Genetic predisposition, 47-48, 164. 174 176 expertise in substance abuse studies, 100, 101 Geographic variation?

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From page 214...

... 1 Mortality, alcohol-related, 22 Motivation moralistic view of addiction, 140 to use drugs, 45 N Nalmefene, 49 Naloxone, 85 Naltrexone, 49, 81, 84, 164, 166, 200 National Alliance of Methadone Advocates, 14] National Cancer Institute, 118, 119 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 118, 121 National Institue of Mental Health recommendations for, 7-8 research funding, 118 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism recommendations for, 6, 109,132-133, 136 research funding, l l 6,118, 119- 120, 121 speeding, 30 National Institute on Drug Abuse recommendations for, 6, 7-8,109, 132-133, 136 research budget, 30, i 16, 118, 119 120,121 National Institutes of Health recommendations for, 8, 132, 134, 135 research funding, l 16, 119, 121

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From page 215...

... 82-83 Peer relations, 56 preventive interventions based on, 64 Personality trait risk factors, 56 Pharmacotherapy cocaine use, 81-82, 16~165 education, substance abuse studies in, 100 opioid addiction, 83, 84-85 with psychosocial intervention, 80 recent research advances, 199-200 research challenges, 87 role of, 81 treatment matching, 82 Ph.D. programs, 133 recommendations for, 6, 109 Phoenix House, 78 Polysubstance abuse, 15 Posttraumatic stress disorder, 46 Pregnancy, 57-58, 164 Prevalence age patterns, 20 alcohol use/abuse, 21-22, 170 ethnicity patterns, 21 trends?

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From page 216...

... 216 Preventive interventions advertising restrictions, 58-60 family-based, 65 federal funding, 30,32-33 indicated, 3, 57 law-based, 65-66 media-based, 65 no-smoking areas, 60-61 peer-based, 64 price controls, 61-62 in primary care settings, 63 private speeding, 32 psychosocial factors, 2-3 rationale for early intervention, 10-20, 163-164 restricting access for children, 62-63 in schools, 63-64 selective, 3,57 target types, 3 universal, 3, 57 warning labels, 57-58 See also Relapse prevention Primary care medicine, 63 education in substance abuse issues, 103-104, 110 nicotine cessation interventions, 85-86 recommendations for education and training, 8, 134 Private sector recommendations for, 7, 132 research careers in, 131 spending, 32 Professional societies board certificationlcontinuing education in abuse specialties, 5, 110-111 recommendations for, =5, 98 Protective factors, 3 Protein kineses, 171-172, 173-174 Psychosocial functioning alcohol server interactions, 62 co-occuring psychiatric disorders and substance use, 5~57 effects of advertising, 58-60 initiation of drug use, 2-3 peer relations, 56 personality traits as risk factors, 56 INDEX psychiatric/psychological practice specialization, 110 research challenges, 66 research issues, 55 treatment strategies, 79-80 Psychotropic drugs, 14 Public awareness and education, 16, 208 advertising bans, 58-60 advocacy for addiction services, l 41142, 208-209 barriers to research, 142 content, 9 importance of, for research efforts, 9, 139 media-based interventions, 65 moralistic view of addiction, 139-140 recommendations for, 9, 144 school-based interventions, 63-64 selective preventive interventions, 3, 57 trends in substance use and, 24 universal preventive interventions, 3, 57 warning labels, 57-58 R Rehabilitation, 74 Reimbursement issues, 3 Relapse prevention, 74 opioid addiction treatment, 84 psychosocial interventions, 80 research issues, 165-166 Research career pathways, 96, 115 clinical, 8, 133-134 collaborative interdisciplinary, 8-9, 13~136, 167, 205-206 competition among researchers, 131 132 federal funding, 30, 33, 116, ] 18, 119121 funding trends, 119-120, 121 historical development, 178- 192 in initiation processes, 163-165 issues in addiction, 11-12 mentors, 5-6, 106-109, 206-207 obstacles to career development, 16, 95, 115, 133-134, 206, 207

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From page 217...

... 134 Support groups, 74 T Therapeutic communities, 77-78 Tolerance to alcohol effects, 170- 171 definition, 13 neurobiology, 45-46 Treatment, 16 cue-dependent memory, 46, 56 detoxification, 74 effectiveness, 3-4, 32, 73-74, 79, 87 federal funding, 30, 32-33 follow-up, 74 historical development, 178- 192 implications of model of addiction, 2, 48-49,50,75 length of, 76 nicotine cessation programs, 85-87 opioid addiction, 83-85 outcome determinants, 4, 74, 75 patient-treatment matching, 4, 82-83 pharmacotherapy, 80, 81-82 private spending, 32 psychosocial, 79-80 recent advances in behavioral sciences research, 201-203 recent advances in pharmacotherapy research, 199-200 recommendations for professional education and certification, 6 109111 rehabilitation stage, 74 relapse prevention, 74, 80 research issues, 4, 87, 109-110, 165 settings, 75-78 social stigma as obstacle to. 140 stages of, 74

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From page 218...

... 218 support groups, 74 variation in services, 4, 7~75 U Undergraduate education, 4-5, 98 University of Pennsylvania Medical School, 101 Use definition, 13 n.1 neurobiology of transition to addiction, 42-46 INDEX W Warning labels, 57-58 White House Office of National Drug Control Policy, 9, 136 Withdrawal, 45 alcohol, 171-172 opioid, 83, 85 Workplace costs of substance abuse, 1 1 World Health Organization, 15

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Index Pages 211-218

Index
Pages 211-218