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From page 315...
... arsenic, 88 cadmium, 86, 141-142 dioxins and furans, 93 lead, 91 local population studies, 120 mercury, 90 risk assessments, 116, 141-142 Superfund sites, 200 Agriculture, see Rural areas AIDS, 24 Air dispersion coefficients, 6, 70, 76-77, 99, 132 Air-injection systems, 2-3, 40, 46, 48, 66-69 (passim) Air pollution, general, 4-5, 14, 71, 109, 248 air-dispersion coefficients, 6, 70, 76-77, 99, 132 cadmium, 86, 87, 106-107 dioxins, 93-94, 95, 96 hazardous waste, 22, 23 lead, 91, 92, 106 multimedia transport models, 79-80, 108109, 255 plant contamination and, 77, 107 process emissions, 1, 2-4, 50-56, 211 see also Air pollution control devices; Ambient pollutant concentrations; specific pollutants
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From page 316...
... , 109-110, 179 hazardous waste emissions, 98-103 health effects, 4, 11, 179, 180, 181 INDEX hydrogen chloride, 97 lead, 91, 92, 100, 102 Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) , 99 monitoring, 103-110 nitrogen oxides, 136 particulates, 100, 101, 102, 103, 108, 131132, 134, 131-132, 134 standards, 2, 5, 91, 97, 155, 189 American Cancer Society, 133- 134 American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 49, 69, 188, 208-209, 303 Animals and animal studies, 15, 73-74, 75, 81, 94, 110, 115, 116, 128-129, 163 arsenic, 151 cadmium, 141 carbon monoxide, 140 dioxins, 157, 158, 159, 172, 174 hydrogen chloride, risk assessments, 136137 medical wastes defined, 200 PAHs, 160-161 PCBs, 159 sulfates, 139 see also Dairy products; Fish; Meat Antimony, 196 Arches, furnaces, 41 Arsenic, 50, 87-88, 109, 127, 151, 153-154, 196, 197 Ash, 14, 50, 51, 63-65 acidic, 64-65 air pollution control devices, 64, 65 bottom ash, 2, 3, 14, 17, 31, 34, 35, 53, 55, 63, 65, 66, 187 design of facilities and, 4 dioxins and furans, 55, 109 fly ash, 3, 31, 37, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 63-64, 65, 66, 163, 164, 187 epidemiological studies, 127-128 lead, 53, 54 occupational exposures, 64, 207-208 output controls, 30 standards, 187, 191, 207-208 Asthma, 122, 123, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 162 ATSDR, see Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Attitudes, see Psychological factors; Public .
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From page 317...
... Bill boarding, 214-215 Biological markers, 113, 114, 118, 119-120, 142, 181 Biological waste, see Hazardous waste; Medical waste Black persons, see African-Americans Blood, see Hematology Boilers and industrial furnaces (BIFs) , 13, 17, 64, 303 hazardous waste, 23, 24, 41, 193, 194-195 national statistics, 18 standards, 193, 194-195 Bottom ash, see Ash Bronchitis, 133, 138-139, 156 Bull noses, 41 C Cadmium, 3, 6, 32, 50, 65, 86, 87, 98, 106-107, 109 food contamination, 86, 87, 98, 143 health effects, epidemiological studies, 127 exposure, 6, 85-87, 165, 168 exposure pathways, 82, 98, 140-142, 143 risk assessments, 113, 140-142, 143, 144 Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT)
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From page 318...
... , 24, 184, 186, 199-200, 207 Computer applications, 5 continuous emission monitors, 8-9, 211 epidemiological mapping and smoothing, 129 see also Databases; Internet Continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) , 4, 8-9, 49, 68, 69, 211, 214, 215 Control of emissions, see Air pollution control devices Convective heat transfer, 24, 42, 74 Court cases, see Litigation Criteria pollutants, see Carbon monoxide; Nitrogen dioxide; Particulates; Photochemical oxidants; Sulfates INDEX Crushing, 23 Cytogenic effects, 125-126, 149 D Dairy products, 5, 81, 104-106, 107 dioxins, 5, 94, 95, 96, 104-106, 107 Databases, 6, 56-57, 181, 196 stack emission rate information, 56-57 Data collection, 3-4, 9, 49, 196 ambient pollutant concentrations, 98-100, 180 health effects, 7, 69-70 medical wastes, 203, 204, 205, 206 regulatory requirements, 194, 203, 204, 205, 206, 212, 214-216 upset conditions, 3-4, 9, 181 see also Epidemiology; Information dissemination; Monitoring; Risk assessments Department of Health and Human Services, see Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
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From page 319...
... municipal solid waste, 55-56, 82, 104-106 off-normal operation, 61, 301-308 rural areas, 94, 104-106 sediment contamination, 96 soil contamination, 94, 95, 96, 105, 107, 109 stack emission rate information, 58-59, 62 standards, other than MACT, 188, 194, 199 transport pathways, 75, 93-95, 98, 110-111 urban diets, 94 319 vegan diets, 162 vegetation, 94, 95, 96 water contamination, 95, 96 Dispersion of emissions, 4, 5, 6, 34, 57, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 79, 98, 103-104, 181 air dispersion coefficients, 6, 70, 76-77, 99, 132 local factors, 76-77, 94, 98 Dose-response analysis, 13, 116, 117, 118, 130 arsenic, 153-154 cadmium, 143 chromium, 152 dioxins, 172 hydrogen chloride, 137 lead, 144-145 mercury, 149-150 uncertainty, 116, 117, 118, 246, 248, 250, 254-257 Dow Chemical Company, 60 Dry-sorbent injection, 3, 45-46, 65, 66, 67 EEconomic factors, 1, 9, 10, 217-218, 219-220, 223-225, 226, 227, 228, 230-231, 242-243, 244 compensation measures, 10, 183, 225, 241242, 244 comporting, 29 emission monitoring, 116 hazardous waste, 22, 23-24, 193 Maximum Achievable Control Technology, 187, 188 municipal solid waste, 21, 29, 221, 224 property values, 9, 218, 219, 223, 225, 226, 227, 230, 232, 239, 240, 241, 242, 247 recycling, 29 regulatory compliance, 210; see also Fines and penalties risk assessments, 116, 253 see also Environmental justice Education and training, see Professional education and training; Public education Efficiency, see Combustion processes and efficiency; Destruction and removal or. ~ decency Elderly persons, 132, 140, 162, 193 see also Environmental justice
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From page 320...
... , 27, 183-184, 189 ambient pollutant concentrations, databases, 98-100 batteries, 32 comporting, 28 continuous emission monitors, 8-9, 215 dispersion models, 76 feed preparation and feeding practices, 36 hazardous air pollutants, 184-185, 193 INDEX hazardous waste, 22, 23, 57, 64, 186, 193, 194, 196, 213 health effects, 7, 111 enforcement, 210, 212, 213-214 lead, 91, 147 medical waste, 200, 202 mercury, 8, 53, 89, 215 municipal solid waste, 18, 21, 186-187, 188-192, 215, 305 occupational exposures, 207, 208, 214, 216 off-normal operation, 60-61 particulates, 84-85, 132, 133 risk assessments, 111, 116 stack emission rate information, 56, 57-58, 59 uncertainty analysis, 215 see also Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Epidemiology, 6, 7, 15, 112-113, 114, 115, 120-129, 179, 181, 248, 252, 253 beryllium, 155 biological markers, 113, 114, 118, 119-120, 142, 181 cancer, 124-126, 128 dioxins, 123, 124, 126-127, 128, 157 furans, 123, 127, 128 gender factors, 120, 123, 128, 133 hydrogen chloride, 122-123 lead, 127-128, 146 local, 120-126 medical wastes, 122, 123 municipal solid waste, 122-123, 124, 125127 respiratory effects, 120-123, 124, 125, 132, 133 sulfates, 121, 122-123, 133 see also Risk assessments air pollution control devices, 42, 47, 48, 49 Exposure and exposure pathways, 4-6, 7, 15, 71, 72, 73, 80, 81-82, 114, 169, 181 arsenic, 87-88, 151, 153-154 beryllium, 155 biological markers, 113, 114, 119-120, 142, 181 cadmium, 6, 82, 85-87, 98, 140-143, 143, 165, 168 committee methodology, 13, 14 dioxins, 4-5, 6, 82, 91, 93-97, 98, 106, 109, 110-111 epidemiologicalfindings, 114, 115, 126, 127
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From page 321...
... , 127, 164 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) , 7, 37, 204, 207, 214, 216 see also Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; Environmental Protection Agency; Legislation; Regulatory measures; Standards Feedstream composition and preparation, 2, 14, 15, 31, 35-37, 56 best practices, 67 durables, 28 fugitive emissions, 63 hazardous waste, 23, 36, 194, 195-196 historical perspectives, 30-31 inspections, 211-212 liquid-injection furnaces, 36, 38, 39, 60, 107, 195 medical waste, 25 321 monitoring, 49, 203, 204, 205 municipal solid waste, 18-19, 36, 41, 64, 67, 192 national statistics, 18-19, 23, 28 secondary waste streams, 23 shredding, 23, 38 standards, 182, 183, 188, 189, 192, 194, 195-196, 199, 203, 204, 205 see also Liquid waste; Solid waste Females, see Gender factors Filters, 23, 48, 51 see also Fabric filters Fines and penalties, 196, 207, 211, 213, 214 Fish, 5, 81, 82 cadmium, 86 PCBs, 159 dioxins, 5, 95, 96, 111 mercury, 5, 82, 89-90, 111, 148 Flue gas, 3, 31, 37, 40, 41, 64, 174, 183 best practices, 67 dioxins and furans, 55, 301, 302 lead, 53 monitoring, 49, 56-62, 70, 188, 194, 301 residence time, 2, 3, 37, 38, 40, 49, 52, 55, 56,57,65,66,76,81,98, 118, 195, 308 standards, 188, 192-193, 194, 195 temperature factors, 41, 188, 192-193 see also Particulate matter; Stack conditions Fly ash, see Ash Food and Drug Administration, 90 Food contamination, 4, 98, 111, 114, 248 arsenic, 88, 153, 154 cadmium, 86, 87, 98, 143 children, hand-to-mouth behavior, 162 chromium, 148 dioxins, 5, 82, 94-97, 98, 111, 162, 169 exposure pathways, 80, 81, 117, 142, 143, 147, 148, 149, 153, 154, 160, 162 lead, 142 mercury, 5, 82, 89-90, 98, 111, 147, 148, 149 PAHs, 160-161 PCBs, 159 risk assessments, 114, 117, 142, 249, 255 transport pathways, 5, 72, 73-74, 79, 255 vegan diets, 162 see also Dairy products; Fish; Meat; Vegetation Food waste, 18, 19, 25, 28, 29, 31-32 Forced vital capacity, 139
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From page 322...
... off-normal operations, 303, 304, 306, 308 standards, other than MACT, 188, 190, 194 G Gastrointestinal effects, 124, 125, 151 arsenic, 152, 153 cadmium, 143 lead, 142, 144 mercury, 148, 149 Gaussian models, 76-77, 79 Gender factors animal studies, reproductive effects, 129 dioxins, 157 epidemiological studies, 120, 123, 128, 133 food contamination effects, 90 particulates, 133, 138 risk assessments, 133, 138, 157 General Accounting Office, 207, 212, 213 Germany, 106 Glass, 19, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 53, 63, 87 Government role continuous emission monitors, 8 databases, 6 information collection, 4, 10, 69 information dissemination, 10, 69 see also Federal government; Local government; Regulatory measures; Standards; State government Grates, 40, 41, 46, 63, 66, 67 Groundwater, 23, 65, 114, 160 INDEX H Hair, mercury concentrations, 106, 107 Hazardous air pollutant standards, 184- 185, 193 see also specific pollutants Hazardous waste, 12, 17, 22-24, 107 air pollution control devices, 23, 43, 45, 49 ambient concentrations, 98-103 boilers, 23, 24, 41, 193, 194-195 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund) , 24, 184, 186, 199-200, 207 defined, 22 economic factors, 22, 23-24, 193 energy recovery, 23-24, 41, 193, 194-195, 199 EPA, 22, 23, 57, 64, 186, 193, 194, 196, 213 epidemiological studies, 124, 125 feed preparation and feeding practices, 23, 36, 194, 195-196 fugitive emissions, 63 furnace types, 30, 39 health effects, general, 22-23 historical perspectives, 22-23, 194 kilns, 23-24, 38, 64, 99, 108-109 land disposal, 22-23 lead emissions, 175 liquid, 23, 36, 38, 39, 51, 63, 107 liquid-injection furnaces, 36, 38, 39, 60, 107, 195 Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT)
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From page 323...
... mercury, 6, 7, 148, 149, 166 exposure, 4-5, 6, 82, 89-90, 98, 106, 107, 147-148, 149-150 risk assessments, 147-148, 149-150, 166, 169, 177-178, 180, 181 metals, general, 4, 6, 68, 82, 127, 128, 140155, 166, 168, 179 monitoring, 113, 114, 118, 119, 194, 195, 209-210 municipal solid waste, 6, 122-123, 124, 125-127 neurological effects, 141, 145, 146, 154, 155, 159, 160, 175, 176, 177 nitrogen and nitrogen oxides, 113, 134-136 occupational exposures, 6, 124, 155, 157, 163, 164, 166, 171 ocular effects, 136, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159 off-normal conditions, 7, 160, 169, 180, 181 particulate matter, 6, 7, 166 epidemiological studies, 122-123, 131133 exposure, 72, 82-85, 98, 110 gender factors, 133, 138 respiratory, 132, 133-134, 137, 138-139 risk assessments, 113, 130, 131-134, 137, 138-139, 166, 168, 170-171, 179, 181 performance testing, health-based, 13, 15, 49 regulatory issues, 13, 194, 195, 209-210 renal effects, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 152, 162, 176 reproductive effects, 125- 126, 128- 129, 137, 140, 145, 146-147, 148, 150, 157, 158, 159, 160, 176 shutdown conditions, 160, 180 social factors, 209-210, 224, 227 variability analysis, 11, 117, 118, 180, 247257, 260 uncertainty analysis, 11, 81, 116, 117, 118, 170, 173, 175, 176, 180, 246, 247259 upset conditions, 7, 169, 180, 181 see also Age factors, human; Animals and animal studies; Biological markers; Cancer and carcinogenicity; Dermal absorption and effects; Doseresponse analysis; Epidemiology; Exposure and exposure pathways;
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From page 324...
... Hydrogen bromide, 51 Hydrogen chloride (HC1) , 50, 51, 52, 97, 98, 215 emission controls, 3, 45, 49, 51, 55, 56, 66 epidemiological studies, 122-123 medical wastes, 201, 202, 203, 205 risk assessments, 113, 136- 137, 178 standards, 186, 188, 190, 192, 194, 195, 196, 198, 201, 202, 203, 205 INDEX Hydrogen fluoride, 51, 137 Hydrogen iodide, 51 Hypertension, 128, 162 I Immune system, 159, 162 Incomplete combustion, 2, 3, 37, 50, 54, 55, 65, 66, 68 risk assessments, 118, 159-161, 174 standards, 183, 194, 195 see also Dioxins; Furans; Particulate matter Industrial Source Complex models, 76 Infants, 132, 161-162, 174 Infectious medical waste, 24, 25-26, 36, 200 Information dissemination, 2, 4 air pollution control devices, 4, 69-70 committee charge, 13 continuous emission monitors, 8-9 foreign technologies, 8 risk communication, 2, 9, 13, 118, 228, 229, 233-242, 244, 245, 259 stack emission rate information, 56-62, 70 upset conditions, 4, 9, 182, 210, 215 see also Databases; Data collection; Internet; Professional education and training; Public education Ingestion, see Food contamination Inhalation, 4, 5, 72, 80, 81, 98, 111, 114 arsenic, 88, 151, 152, 153, 154 beryllium, 155, 156 cadmium, 87, 98, 141-142, 143 chromium, 148 lead, 142, 144-145 mercury, 147, 149, 150 particulates, 84, 98 see also Respiratory effects Inspection of facilities, 48-49, 67, 184, 194, 199, 204, 206, 210-213 Integrated Risk Information System, 116 Integrated Waste Services Association, 18, 22 International perspectives air pollution control devices, 8, 22, 23, 42, 47, 48, 49, 214-215 Belgium, 23 Europe, 23, 42, 47, 48, 49 hazardous waste, 23 municipal waste, 22 technologies, 8, 22, 214-215 see also Canada
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From page 325...
... , 50, 53-54, 65, 66, 91, 92, 106 air pollution control devices, 53-54 ambient concentration levels, 91, 92, 100, 102 ash, 53, 54 batteries, 32 blood levels, 127- 128, 142, 144, 146, 147, 165, 175, 176 flue gas, 53 food contamination, 142 health effects, 6, 7, 166 children, 91, 142, 146, 174, 175, 176 epidemiological studies, 127-128, 146 exposure, 6, 91, 92, 98, 144-145, 146 risk assessments, 113, 130-131, 142, 144-147, 166, 174-177, 180, 181 Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) , 7, 8, 166, 174, 180, 187, 196, 197, 201, 202, 203 medical wastes, 201, 202, 203 325 rural areas, 91, 92, 106 soil contamination, 92, 106, 107, 109 standards, other than MACT, 91, 113, 164, 184, 190 transport pathways, 91, 98 Legal issues environmental justice, 213-214, 227, 231233, 243, 245 litigation, 132, 184, 189, 202, 213-214 risk communication, 236, 244 see also Regulatory measures Legislation, 27 Civil Rights Act, 232-233 Clean Air Act, 184-185, 186-187, 188, 193, 194, 211 see also Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT)
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From page 326...
... professional training about disposal, 25, 203, 204, 205, 206 rural areas, 202, 204 social factors, 221 standards, 8, 25, 169, 200-203, 204-206, 214 types of, 24, 25 urban areas, 25, 26 Mercury (Hg) , 3, 50, 52, 56, 65 air pollution control devices, 3, 42, 47-48, 49, 52-53, 66 ambient concentration levels, 100, 101, 102, 103, 110 batteries, 32 combustion, vaporization, 53, 66 continuous emission monitors, 8-9, 69, 215 emission monitoring, 49 EPA, 8, 53, 89, 215 exposure and exposure pathways, 89-90, 106, 107, 110-111, 147-148 fish, 5, 82, 89-90, 111, 148 food contamination, 5, 82, 89-90, 98, 111, 147, 148, 149
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From page 327...
... risk assessments, 140-155, 166, 168 Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) , 7, 8, 166 medical waste, 26 standards, 195 transport pathways, 75, 108, 109 see also specific metals Meteorological conditions, see Weather conditions Metropolitan areas, see Urban areas Milk products, see Dairy products Minorities, see African-Americans; Civil Rights Act; Environmental justice Models and modeling, 103, 181 environmental transport, 5, 74, 75, 76-77, 78-80, 89, 103-104, 110-111, 117, 118 multimedia, 79-80, 107-109, 255 exposure pathways, 81-82, 94, 111 Gaussian, 76-77, 79 risk assessment, 115, 117, 130, 247-248, 249-250, 256-257, 258 uncertainty analysis, 247-248, 249-250, 256-257, 258 variance-propagation, 11, 257, 260 Monitoring, 103-110, 214-215 ambient pollutant concentrations, 103-110 feedstream composition and preparation, 49, 203, 204, 205 health, 113, 114, 118, 119, 194, 195, 209210 327 regulatory issues, 194, 195, 203, 204, 205, 209-210, 214-215 social issues, 209-210, 218 temperature in incinerators, 203, 204, 205 see also Emission monitoring; Inspection of facilities; Performance testing Municipal solid waste, 12, 17, 18-22, 40, 65, 104-106, 301-303, 307-308 air pollution control devices, 21, 42-46 (passim)
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From page 328...
... , 127, 164 Neurological effects arsenic, 154 cadmium, 141 dioxins, 155, 159 lead, 145, 146, 175, 176 mercury, 148, 150, 177 PAHs, 160 PCBs, 159 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) epidemiological studies, 121, 123 risk assessments, 134, 136 standards, 184 Nitrogen and nitrogen oxides, 2, 3, 31, 37, 50, 51-52 air pollution control devices, 42, 46-47, 49, 52, 66, 67 best practices, 67 emission limits, 42 epidemiological studies, 121 food waste, 31-32 health effects, 113, 134- 136 medical waste, 201, 202 off-normal operation, 9, 60, 61, 62, 308 standards, 118, 188, 191, 194, 195, 201, 202 temperature factors, 3, 51-52 yard waste, 31-32 o Occupational exposures, 6, 7, 35, 181 air pollution control devices, exposure due to, 164-165, 168 ash handling, 64, 207-208 beryllium, 155 biomarkers, 119 cadmium, 165, 168 dioxins, 6, 124, 155, 157, 163, 164, 166, 171 EPA, 207, 208, 214, 216 epidemiological studies, 120, 124, 125-128 health effects, general, 6, 124, 155, 157, 163, 164, 166, 171 lead, 165, 166, 168 Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT)
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From page 329...
... Property values, 9, 218, 219, 223, 225, 226, 227, 230, 232, 239, 240, 241, 242, 247 Protective equipment, incinerator workers, 127128, 207 Psychological factors, 1, 9, 10, 182, 183, 217, 223, 224, 225-226, 228, 229, 241, 242, 244, 246, 250-251 see also Public opinion Public education, 2, 9-10, 214, 222-223, 225, 228, 229 risk communication, 2, 9, 13, 118, 228, 229, 233-242, 244, 245, 259 Public Health Service, see Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Public opinion, 2, 12, 21, 24, 26-27, 227, 229, 235, 241-242, 243 advocacy, 13, 21, 193, 209-210, 211-212, 218-219, 221-223, 227, 229 committee charge and methodology, 13, 14 community relations, 10, 182, 183, 212, 214, 221-223, 242-243, 244-245, 260 risk assessments, 9, 209 see also Psychological factors PVC, see Polyvinyl chloride
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From page 330...
... , 184, 186, 200, 212, 213214 fugitive emissions, 63 municipal solid waste, 65, 189 hazardous waste, 22, 24, 48, 49, 63, 64, 65, 186, 193, 194-196, 199 medical waste, 24 monitoring, 49, 211 worker training, 48 see also Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Respiratory effects, 120-123 acidic gases and aerosols, 138-139, 178 arsenic, 152, 154 asthma, 122, 123, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 162 beryllium, 155, 156 bronchitis, 133, 138-139, 156 cadmium, 141, 143 cancer, 124, 125, 151, 155, 156, 157 carbon monoxide, 139- 140 children, 121, 122, 132, 136, 138, 139 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 134, 155
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From page 331...
... , 162, 163 chromium, 148, 151, 152 committee charge and methodology, 13, 14, 15 dermal absorption and effects, 117, 136, 142, 147-148, 149, 150, 151, 153, 156, 159 developmental effects, 144, 146, 148, 149, 158, 160, 161-162 dioxins, 113, 114, 155, 157-159, 166, 169, 171-174, 180, 181, 253-254 economic factors, 116, 253 emission monitoring, 116 EPA, 111, 116 exposure and exposure pathways, 111, 112, 116-117, 131-132, 250, 252-254 food contamination, 114, 117, 142, 249, 255 furans, 113, 114, 155, 158, 169, 181 gender factors, 133, 138, 157 hazardous air pollutants, general, 184- 185 hydrogen chloride, 113, 136-137, 178 incomplete combustion, 118, 159-161, 174 lead, 113, 130-131, 142, 144-147, 166, 174177, 180, 181 331 life-cycle assessments and, 118 local factors, 129-130, 131, 166, 174, 178 mercury, 113, 147-148, 149-150, 166, 169, 177-178, 180, 181 metals, general, 140-155, 166, 168 models, 115, 117, 130, 247-248, 249-250, 256-257, 258 nitrous oxides, 113, 134, 136 occupational exposures, 130, 155, 157, 163165, 166, 168, 171, 177 particulates, 113, 130, 131-134, 137, 138139, 166, 168, 170-171, 179, 181 PCBs, 159-160 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) , 113 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
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From page 332...
... . Opmlon Soil contamination, 4, 5, 105, 107-109, 248, 255 arsenic, 88, 109 cadmium, 85, 86, 87, 106 carbon monoxide, 97 dioxins, 94, 95, 96, 105, 107, 109 hazardous waste, general, 22-23 lead, 92, 106, 107, 109 local factors, 106-107 mercury, 89, 107, 109 multimedia transport models, 79-80, 108109, 255 plant contamination and, 77-78, 86, 107 standards, 189 transport pathways, 73, 74, 75, 77, 79-80, 108-109, 255 see also Groundwater; Sediment contamination Solid waste, 23, 27, 63 see also Municipal solid waste Spray-dryer absorbers, 3, 42, 45-46, 62, 65, 66 Standards, 68, 168, 183-216 acidic gases and particles, 113, 188, 193 age of incinerators, 184, 188, 197-198, 214, 215 air pollution control devices, 188, 194, 195, 203, 204, 205, 215; see also Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT)
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From page 333...
... sizing of furnace, 40 standards, 187-188, 192-193, 195 Time factors, 5, 9 environmental monitoring, 119 inspections, frequency of, 211-212, 213 residence time, 2, 3, 37, 38, 40, 49, 52, 55, 56,57,65,66,76,81,98, 118, 195, temperature and, 38 transport pathways, 73, 75, 76 Time-series analysis, 131-132 Tobacco, see Smoking Toxic Substances Control Act, 184, 200 Trace compounds, 31, 33, 54, 308 see also specific compounds Training, see Professional education and training Transport processes (environmental) , 5, 7, 12, 71, 72, 73-80, 98 arsenic, 88-89 cadmium, 85-86, 98
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From page 334...
... Volatile organic compounds, 2, 74, 75, 83, 194 see also specific compounds Volume source reduction, 27-28 W Waste Energy Technologies, Inc., 26 Waste stream, see Feedstream composition and preparation Waste-to-energy facilities, see Energy recovery Water contamination, 5, 14, 249 arsenic, 87-88, 151
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From page 335...
... INDEX cadmium, 85-86 dioxins, 95, 96 groundwater, 23, 65, 114, 160 hazardous waste, 22-23 lead, 92 mercury, 89 multimedia transport models, 79-80, 255 PAHs, 160 transport pathways, 4, 5, 73, 74, 75, 78-80, 108-109, 255 see also Fish; Groundwater; Sediment contamination Water vapor, 31, 37, 50 Weather conditions, 72, 76, 77, 83, 99 databases, 6, 70 local factors, 6, 70, 83, 99, 110 plant contamination and, 77-78 wind, 72, 76, 77, 79-80, 105, 255 335 Wet scrubbers, 3, 35, 42, 44-46, 47, 51, 52, 64, 65, 66, 103 best practices, 67 dioxins and furans, 55 hazardous waste, 23, 43, 49 venturi scrubbers, 43, 45, 49, 51 Wind, 72, 76, 77, 79-80, 105, 255 Workers, see Occupational exposures; Professional education and training World Health Organization, 134 World Wide Web, see Internet y Yard waste, 18, 19, 28, 29, 31-32 z Zinc, food chain, 87
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Key Terms

  • pollution control
  • control devices
  • epidemiological studies
  • municipal solid
  • medical waste

  • hazardous waste
  • occupational exposures
  • emission monitoring
  • hydrogen chloride
  • food contamination

  • transport pathways
  • carbon monoxide
  • exposure pathways
  • nitrogen oxides
  • medical wastes

  • incomplete combustion
  • rate information
  • local factors
  • emission rate
  • environmental justice

  • ambient pollutant
  • gender factors
  • pollutant concentrations
  • continuous emission
  • upset conditions

  • stack emission
  • control technology
  • toxic substances
  • maximum achievable
  • regulatory measures


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