Science Management in the Human Exploration of Space (1997) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
2 Principles for Science Management
2 Principles for Science Management
Pages 10-21
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 10... ...
Each of these eras featured a distinct but evolutionary distribution of authorities and responsibilities among the science and human spaceflight offices. INTERACTION BETWEEN SPACE SCIENCE AND HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT COMMUNITIES Early Lunar Exploration The management structure used during the Ranger, Surveyor, and Lunar Or 10
|
From page 11... ...
NASA Headquarters assigned both the Ranger and Surveyor projects to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
|
From page 12... ...
The cancellation of the Surveyor orbiter created pressure on OSS to develop an alternative lunar orbiter, because the Office of Manned Space Flight (OMSF) needed lunar photographs to select Apollo landing sites.
|
From page 13... ...
In March 1962, an ad hoc working group on Apollo lunar science was set up at the request of oMSF.4 The ad hoc working group met three times in early 1962 and submitted a report to the Iowa Summer Study held that summer. In the fall of 1962, the associate administrator of OSS moved to set up a more formal Joint Working Group on scientific lunar exploration and the development of scientific experiments for Apollo, structured to report to both OSS and OMSF.
|
From page 14... ...
. _ ~1 OFFICE OF ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY Operations Office | Program Offices Goddard Space Flight Center Jet Propulsion Laboratory Wallops Station Ames Research Center Langley Lewis Flight Research Research Research Center Center Center FIGURE 2.1 NASA spaceflight organization, November 1963.
|
From page 15... ...
Under Newell's oversight, OSS and OMSF shortly thereafter created a joint Apollo Lunar Exploration Office to be staffed jointly by OMSF and OSS and to be physically and organizationally located in the OMSF Apollo Program Office (Figure 2.2~. A former OSS manager of the highly successful Lunar Orbiter program was designated the new director of lunar exploration.
|
From page 16... ...
Compton, Where No Man Has Gone Before: A History of Apollo Lunar Exploration Missions, NASA History Series, NASA SP-4214, NASA, Washington, D.C., 1989. selections, OSS assembled science working groups that successfully carried out a standard, if greatly accelerated, competitive selection process in just two months.
|
From page 17... ...
In one sense, however, the Apollo management approach reversed the earlier Lunar Orbiter approach: in Apollo, funds were sought and obtained for the science program by OMSF rather than by OSS, even though OSS selected the investigations to be carried out. Shuttle/Spacelab The relationship between the science and human spaceflight offices shifted again in the Space Shuttle/Spacelab program.
|
From page 18... ...
This arrangement was nearly the opposite of that used for Lunar Orbiter. In the latter, the office responsible for human spaceflight set requirements for the science office for the data it needed to land humans on the Moon.
|
From page 19... ...
A more elaborate structure evolved during the A polio program, and subsequently the Skylab and A S T P programs, to explicitly manage the interaction between the space science and human spaceflight programs. During this era, a joint management team that included representatives of the science office and the spaceflight office oversaw the conduct of space science within the context of the larger exploration programs.
|
From page 20... ...
Thus, a third broad principle is that space science conducted in the context of a human exploration program should be managed through a joint spaceflight and science program office: JOINT SPA CEFLIGHT/SCIENCE PROGRAM OFFICE The offices responsible for human spaceflight and space science should jointly establish and staff a program office to collaboratively implement the scientific component of human exploration. As a model, that office should have responsibilities, functions, and reporting relationships similar to those that supported science in the Apollo, Skylab, and Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP)
|
From page 21... ...
4. Details of the evolution of the relationship between science and the Apollo program are provided in Where No Man Has Gone Before: A History of Apollo Lunar Exploration Missions, by William D
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.