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3 Long-Term Care
Pages 29-47

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From page 29...
... , met with facility directors and several chimpanzee behaviorists, reviewed publications on wild chimpanzee behavior, and reviewed information provided during public sessions. The results of the information-gathering process are reported in the section "Housing Standards and Behavioral Well-Being." Long-term care facilities must be designed with awareness that many chimpanzees wall spend most of their natural lives there which might span several decades.
From page 30...
... Nongovernment sanctuaries normally receive the majority of their funding from public donations, although funding partnerships with the government might receive future consideration. Sanctuary animals require less intensive management than animals in research facilities, and therefore entail lower costs of daily care.
From page 31...
... These should include less-intensive management, Tower costs, and high quality of life for animals no longer needed for research or breeding. We are not aware of Tong-term success in managing groups of more than 20 captive chimpanzees outside research facilities, but thoughtful, humane approaches might be found that will work and that will reduce housing and management costs.
From page 32...
... The caging is usually constructed as a building rather than an enclosed portion of land like corrals. Both models include · Outdoor housing that would allow all chimpanzees daily access to the outside unless medical, behavioral, or research exceptions are obtained from an institutional animal care and use committee or another animal welfare oversight committee.
From page 33...
... Dedicated centers might be established around unique abilities of the existing biomedical chimpanzee facilities, such as infectious disease research, behavioral research, or breeding. And, some might be selected as government-sponsored Tong-term care facilities for either infectious or clean animals; this would enable the recall of the animals for breeding or research, which is probably not in the case of publicly sponsored sanctuary facilities.
From page 34...
... Suggestions for increasing both trave! time and distance include periodic movement of feeding stations, variation in feeding schedule, and provision of feeding-enrichment devices.
From page 35...
... . Accreditation should be based on standards developed by interested nongovernment parties in consultation with the ChiMP office (see chapter 5~.
From page 36...
... it is also recommended that facility staff include a trained chimpanzee behaviorist who can evaluate the well-being of individual animals and perform behavioral research and publish the results to improve the life of captive chimpanzees. Funding for such research is necessary to achieve the general goals of improved long-term care.
From page 37...
... Subspecies are not clearly distinguishable morphologically but have been discriminated on the basis of mitochondrial DNA sequence differences (Morin and others 19941. Animals in the research chimpanzee population have not been characterized for subspecies to any great extent.
From page 38...
... In statements at open public meetings with this committee, a strong sentiment was voiced that researchers are not justified in using chimpanzees without concurrent commitment for their lifetime care and that euthanasia as a means of population control is unacceptable. Many members of the public and the scientific community have called for continuing support for chimpanzees in an acceptable environment, rather than euthanizing them, even when they are no longer wanted for breeding or research.
From page 39...
... . The committee contends that funding must be made available to maintain an appropriate level of care, otherwise, directors of chimpanzee colonies would be placed in an unacceptable position in which selective euthanasia might come to be seen as the only available means of maintaining the quality of life of the remaining research chimpanzee population.
From page 40...
... Ownership of these animals should be transferred to the government, and the ChiMP office (see Chapter 5) should work with demographers, geneticists, and scientists to establish the appropriate size of the population (see also population models in Chapter 41.
From page 41...
... C, and D-3. GROUP C: CURRENTLY IN RESEARCH PROTOCOLS This category consists of chimpanzees that are in research protocols.
From page 42...
... Existing facilities that can support the use of larger and stronger chimpanzees should be better used, or caging for infectious disease research should be modified to allow the work to be conducted on older juvenile and adult animals. GROUP D: NOT NEEDED FOR RESEARCH OR BREEDING This category consists of chimpanzees that are no longer needed for research projects or breeding.
From page 43...
... Some chimpanzees used in infectious disease or other studies can be placed in the public sector or returned to the breeding population. Under appropriate housing conditions, management, and staff protection, these animals could be considered to pose no disease threat to humans.
From page 44...
... · Provide complete health and research-use histories for each animal. Any animal missing documentation for any period of research use should not be transferred to the public sector until its complete research history is made available.
From page 45...
... Used in research and posing a public health threat-candidates for nonsanctuary long-term cared Subtotal Adjusted for double count in several categories Total acategory A consists of 325 animals of mixed ages from the initial 1986 NIH breeding program, 121 offspring ranging in age from infancy to 10 yr, and 127 offspring produced and available for research but currently supported by NIH under the breeding program. The 573 figure includes 35 animals from an institution not supported under the NIH breeding program.
From page 46...
... · Agree to notify the ChiMP office of any potential later ownership transfer or loan or lease of individual animals and agree to make reasonable efforts to ensure that any subsequent owner will also abide by all of the agreements required for transfer of ownership. This is recommended as a means of tracking public health threats from an animal transferred out of biomedical facilities.
From page 47...
... · With the assistance of colony managers and investigators, the Chid office should classify all animals in supported facilities in the categories defined here. When they have been classified, strategic management of the entire population will become possible.


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