Chimpanzees in Research Strategies for Their Ethical Care, Management, and Use (1997) / Chapter Skim
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5 Centralization of Research Chimpanzee Management and Development of a National Chimpanzee Resource
5 Centralization of Research Chimpanzee Management and Development of a National Chimpanzee Resource
Pages 67-81
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From page 67... ...
, the drug development programs of the pharmaceutical industry and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , and the emerging infectious disease programs of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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From page 68... ...
ChiMP should be an autonomous body with sole responsibility and authority for coordinating the management of a US government-owned population of chimpanzees for use in biomedical research by any government agency or department, irrespective of whether an investigator is employed by the government, receives research funding from a governmental source, or represents private enterprise. Because most biomedical research with chimpanzees is supported by the NTH intramural and extramural programs, it is logical that ChiMP be housed at NTH to facilitate transfer of information between ChiMP and the intramural NIH institutes and centers and the extramural chimpanzee-using institutions.
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From page 69... ...
Comprehensive Care and Utilization of Chimpanzees in Biomedical Research implementation by Chimpanzee Management Office for use of chimpanzees by NIH-funded investigators and those at other federal agencies and commercial organizations such as FDA, CDC, DOD, and pharmaceutical companies would be ranked by ChiMP on the basis of scientific merit; urgency of the public health-related problem, availability of animals with specific requirements regarding their age, sex, and past history; and preservation of the resource. Because of ChiMP's broad range of responsibility, it is the committee's intent that it would operate with the Fill backing of the leadership of the NIH and other user agencies.
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From page 70... ...
Also, the NCR would be responsible for animals used in government-supported research that might represent a public-health threat. Monitoring the NCR would lead to more-efficient use of chimpanzees in research and facilitate strategic planning for the long-term care of chimpanzees in the breeding population, available for research, on research studies, not needed for research and breeding, and posing public health threat.
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From page 71... ...
At present, the paperwork and time required for second-level peer review by the interagency Animal Models Committee delay and limit the use of chimpanzees. This special second-level peer-review process was instituted because of concern that HIV-related research might rapidly deplete the available supply of research chimpanzees a scenario that has not materialized.
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From page 72... ...
Many animals requiring Tong-term management and care are owned by the government, others are supported but not owned by the government, and some of both of these categories were used in infectious disease research in the past and pose unknown health risks to humans. This committee recommends that ChiMP assume or retain ownership
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From page 73... ...
This number is thought to represent animals for which current owners would agree to transfer ownership or lifetime care to ChiMP. Approximately 500 animals distributed in all categories of the above listing are privately owned and used in nongovernment research.
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From page 74... ...
[t is likely that carefid review of those chimpanzees currently used in research and those considered infectious will reveal considerable overlap, and the number on active research watt be considerably smaller. in addition, it should be recognized that animals considered to pose a public health threat might continue to be useful for research and be included in the number "needed for research" although they might be held in a lowercost Tong-term care facility with experience in housing infectious chimpar~zees and returned to research later.
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From page 75... ...
, which should delegate responsibility to ChiMP. The committee foresees the need for congressional appropriations to provide full support for ChiMP, the facilities, and research to understand chimpanzee biology, management, and welfare better and emphasizes that these would be new funds-the current and future biomedical research base is already overextended.
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From page 76... ...
In the short term, additional funds wait be needed to maintain ChiMP and its Advisory Council, to institute ways to optimize efficiency of use of facilities and support services, and to meet housing standards recommended herein. The committee believes that these efforts will receive the support of the public, the animal protection community, and scientists who use chimpanzees in research, and it urges that the ChiMP office seek implementation of its recommendations through development of appropriate public and private partnerships.
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From page 77... ...
Sanctuaries offer an opportunity for substantially reducing costs of long-term maintenance of chimpanzees without compromising high standards of well-being. There are at least three scenarios for long-term maintenance of chimpanzees no longer needed for breeding and research: surplus animals could be permanently removed from the national resource pool and sent to sanctuaries, possibly national sanctuaries supported by a combination of congressional and private sources; they could be sent to existing private sanctuaries; and they could be maintained at US government-owned or government-supported chimpanzee facilities remodeled for cost-effective long-term housing.
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From page 78... ...
Carefid planning and communication are needed to build a base of mutual respect in preparation for meetings with animal protectionist organizations. TH E NATIONAL CH I M PANZEE MANAG EM ENT PROG RAM ADVI SORY COU NCI L In this report, the committee has assessed the present and future role of chimpanzees in biomedical and behavioral research, proposed guidelines for the long-term care of the captive-chimpanzee population with appropriate consideration of ethical and moral obligations, and recommended an operational structure that centralizes management of this national resource.
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From page 79... ...
Its charge should be to oversee ChiMP's implementation of and adherence to this committee's recommendations, including ensuring that an adequate number of chimpanzees for use in biomedical research be maintained and housed in approved facilities where high-quality veterinary care and behavioral enrichment programs are provided as economically as possible. This charge could be facilitated by the establishment of continuing discussions with all institutions and facilities that house chimpanzees and the maintenance of a regularly updated census of animals being used or available for use in research protocols.
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From page 80... ...
, the knowIedge gained through such monitoring would be important if a new infectious disease emerged that required the use of animals exposed to specific agents. Because of the need to maintain accurate census records at the national level and the fact that chimpanzees are considered an endangered species in their native habitats, a close liaison should be established with the International Species Information System (ISIS)
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From page 81... ...
CENTRALIZAT7ON OF MANAGEMENTS ND DEVELOPMENT 8 1 least one nonscientist and one member of the general public. The members of the AC should be appointed to serve for specified terms; new members should be appointed to replace others in such a way that continuity is ensured.
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