Research Required to Support Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Monitoring (1997) / Chapter Skim
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5 Conclusions and Recommendations
5 Conclusions and Recommendations
Pages 89-96
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From page 89... ...
Attributes of the recorded signals, corrected for propagation and instrumentation effects, are then used to identify the type of source, ideally distinguishing nuclear explosion signals from earthquakes or other non-nuclear phenomena. All monitoring technologies share these fundamental elements; source excitation, signal propagation or advection, recording instrumentation, event association, event location, and event identification.
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From page 90... ...
In this setting, decreasing the magnitude threshold for the monitoring goals has several important implications for the performance of a monitoring system: the overall number of detected events increases sharply, the number of stations in a fixed network capable of detecting a given event decreases, and the distance at which detections can be made decreases. Given these factors, the detection, location and identification of small events by the combined IMS and NTM assets involves the analysis of signals recorded at regional distances where signal propagation is often complicated and regionally varying.
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From page 91... ...
These signals are complicated by reverberations in the crust, but they often have good signal-to-noise ratios. Pushing the seismic monitoring magnitude threshold downward to include precise event location and high confidence identification for small events is the primary motivation for continued seismological research.
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From page 92... ...
Infrasound While several atmospheric nuclear tests were conducted after negotiation of the Limited Test Ban Treaty in 1963 (by non-signing nuclear weapon states, China and France) , the reduction of such tests relative to the prior two decades brought about a decrease in atmospheric sound wave monitoring efforts by the United States This trend will be reversed by the IMS system which will establish a global array of infrasound sensors to enable routine monitoring of low frequency sound waves on a global basis for the first time in decades.
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From page 93... ...
Continuing basic research must be accompanied by effective mechanisms for transitioning research advances from academia and industry into the operational environment and for making the operational needs known to the research community. Given the continuing need for innovative exploratory research, advanced developmental research and operational advances, and realistic funding projections, the panel recommends that external research programs of DoD and the DOE should be carefully coordinated so that a balance of basic and applied efforts can be sustained.
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From page 94... ...
Past administrative subdivisions of basic, applied and advanced developmental efforts have not worked efficiently in the Air Force test ban treaty monitoring program, in part due to fluctuations and uncertainties in the budgets of the separate efforts. The CTBT research program requires more effective oversight, coordination, and funding stability than have existed for the last decade.
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From page 95... ...
Peerreview, involving scientists who are both scientifically and programmatically knowledgeable, ensures a healthy program that captures cutting edge approaches and avoids entrenchment. An effective national program requires close coordination of the DoD program with DOE and the operational effort at the National Data Center, which is run by the Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC)
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From page 96... ...
This program bolstered university involvement in CTBT-relevant research, which had diminished significantly as ARPA focused effort on systems development. Research activities conducted by the universities under the AFOSR program included research on regional distance seismograms, elastic and anelastic structure in Eurasia, Africa, the Middle East, and South America, characteristics of Lg propagation, basic wave propagation theory for calculation of regional high frequency phases, source radiation effects in anisotropic media, three component waveform analysis, and numerous other topics relevant to CTBT research.
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