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(NAS Colloquium) Genetics and the Origin of Species From Darwin to Molecular Biology 60 Years After Dobzhansky (1997) / Chapter Skim
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Vagaries of the molecular clock
Pages 86-93

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From page 86...
... protein evolves at ~ rate of 1.1 x 10-1° amino acid replacements per she per year Thea ~6f~ species are compared 1ha1 dKer~d outbid the last SS minion rears (ma)
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From page 87...
... Table 4 ~\esaver~^ #) oftb~sc diJ>rences~as w~llasthe of amino acid evolution expressed in units of j0-~° roplac~mcntsp~r~tcperye~r.ln~ontrast 10 th~d~cropancics
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From page 88...
... Amillo acid rDpl~cCI~enls bot~eeTl nille fruit fly species hair (}P~D1T~ (above d:ia~o~n~l) and stlj?
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From page 89...
... c~varion sct-to.tbeFatcatwblcb one ~teintbeselhecomesr~pl~ce by ~n~thcr ~te:and (P) the rate ofamin~ acid replacement.
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From page 90...
... only 1~, or ~ery ~ diqJr~nt amino acids aF~ ~ccepled ~ttbose ~ ~lcslh~t can chang~ ~t ~1L Thalsucb constr~inls ~xist ~ n~tsurprisin~.~Ke~ the keysIone role of GPD ~ in providinp 1he ene ~ needed ~r flqng in the tboracic musclos(9) .Tbe dlsproporhonalc~la~r nu ~ erof dih~rcnces obscrvodinthr comp~rbons wi~ [~ or ~~ ~d ~ude~idc r#~cme ~^~uh~ >> ~R~t ~.
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From page 91...
... Amine acid replacements helw~n nine species ~ animals Below t~li~lg<,l~[l)
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From page 92...
... Long-l~rm evolutionary rams of amino acid replacements ~ GPDH and SOD .~ OPEN Comp~rLon ~Rate 1. mammalian orders 70 ~ T0 7.4 ~ 1.6 3.
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From page 93...
... Tbc strategy of using as many separable molecular clocks as feasible is grounded on title convergence expected mom 1be ^1~ of }Argo numbers' statical and otboF biases wig land 10 cancel as the number of observations ln~eases. Iam~ratc~Ito~ll~r~.Fitch~ndRich~rdR.lludson~r~slu~blc comments~ndio the momb~rsotmylaboratory~bopafEcipatedin bO~scarCh~reinrepod~d.ps~LuTar<~B'[~,~ad~Bardo.
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Key Terms

  • acid replacements
  • molecular clock
  • fruit fly
  • acid replacement
  • molecular evolution

  • animal phyla
  • fly species
  • amino acids
  • covarion model
  • molecular clocks

  • evolutionary events
  • natural selection
  • expected values
  • clock hypothesis
  • parameter values

  • sod evolution
  • acid evolution
  • nine species
  • global rates
  • multiple hits

  • neutral mutation
  • divergence times
  • average rate
  • protein clocks
  • rapid rate

  • superoxide dismutase
  • mutation rate
  • flight metabolism
  • subunits associated
  • species listed


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