Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area (1998) / Chapter Skim
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Part III: Vaccines
Part III: Vaccines
Pages 89-106
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From page 89... ...
Although modern techniques of molecular biology have revealed differences in the arrangement of DNA sequences between these vaccine strains ant! the virulent field strains, the differences are not reflected in the antibody responses of the host.
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From page 90... ...
Sly in Bison In commercial bison herds, S19 has been used for calfhood vaccination since the 1960s without important clinical sequelae. Commercial producers using S19 in bison typically use vaccine doses established for cattle.
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From page 91... ...
In bison herds in national and state parks during the 1960s, calfhood vaccination with S19 was part of programs to control brucellosis. The herds were chronically infected with B
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From page 92... ...
RB51 was naturally derived by serial passages on media containing rifampin and by selecting single colonies with roughs morphology. The genome of RB51 closely resembles.the genome of strain 2308 when examined with most molecular techniques.
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From page 93... ...
abortus vaccine strains S19 and RB51 by a polymerase chain reaction assay (Bricker and Halling 1995~. PCR amplification was done on DNA from 4 bacterial strains.
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From page 94... ...
94 VACCINES ~gLqi~i ~ ~ U~ ~ EYE rob ~R ~ ream ~13 Ugly W~ 4L #: I'm
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From page 95... ...
VACCINES 95 ~_ 3 'u- .= ~,= ~ E ~ ~ ~t~ =: ct; 3 t ~tc t3; ~t~ C)
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From page 96... ...
EFFICACY Efficacy is the ability of an intervention to procluce the desireci beneficial effect. Live vaccines composed of organisms of diminished virulence have been most effective in reclucing the incidence of brucellosis, tuberculosis, and diseases caused by most other facultative intracellular bacteria.
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From page 97... ...
B'obullet The biobullet is composed of hydroxypropocellulose filled with a core of lyophilized, freeze-driec] vaccine; it also contains stearic acid as a lubricant and calcium carbonate for weight.
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From page 98... ...
Neither vaccine is 100% effective in cattle, and both have been shown to cause abortion when given in large closes, by inappropriate routes, or to pregnant animals (Palmer et al.
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From page 99... ...
elk closely resembles the disease in cattle, sheep, goats, and other ruminants, important species differences define the clisease in a particular host. Variability in antibody and immune cell responses, in natural surface antigens, and in specific macrophage receptor molecules for B
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From page 100... ...
abortus clevelop an increased serologic titer in the S11 after vaccination with RB5 1 . Some tiara from field tests indicate that calves that have been vaccinated with S19 do not develop increased S11 titers when given strain RB51 as adults.
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From page 101... ...
BIOSAFEn'OF VACCINES No clinical disease or evidence of pathologic effect in tissue has been found even when large doses of S19 and RB51 vaccines were given to young bison calves subcutaneously. However, not all criteria of vaccine biosafety have been established or adequately evaluated (Table 111-2~.
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From page 102... ...
that replication of RB51 in lymph nodes draining subcutaneous sites of vaccination was greater than that in cattle. Three bison calves given 2.9 x 10~° CFU of S19 at the age of 3 months hac]
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From page 103... ...
1997 Absence of Inflammation or Chronic Tissue Injury No long-term tissue injury shouIci be associates! with vaccination; for example, chronic injury to the joints, brain, or other organs should be ruled out in biosafety tests.
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From page 104... ...
At high doses, RB51 vaccine has a tropism for the placenta and can cause abortion. Ten pregnant bison on a Montana ranch were vaccinated subcutaneously with 1 09 CFU of RB51 .
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From page 105... ...
1996~. Genetic Stability In establishing biosafety, the vaccine strain isolated after infection in the animal for several weeks must be genetically identical with the strain in the vaccine; for example, the bacterial strain must not mutate or revert cluring replication in the host.
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From page 106... ...
succeed without a preliminary or concomitant program for elimination of brucellosis in elk. Re-emergence of brucellosis in a free bison herd is likely to occur if two conditions remain: brucellosis in winter elk feeding grounds is not controlled to prevent reinfection of bison from elk, and bison populations remain thigh.
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