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10 Health Applications of Remote Sensing and Climate Modeling
Pages 197-208

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From page 197...
... monitoring coastal algal blooms and toxic phytoplankton to support early warning systems for paralytic shellfish poisoning and cholera; (2) monitoring terrestrial habitats to identify and control mosquito and rodent disease vectors; (3)
From page 198...
... Consequently, early detection of phytoplankton blooms and targeted sampling for cholera bacteria can constitute a cholera early warning system. Early detection in the marine environment can allow for timely institution of public health measures that include temporary bans on shellfish and finfish consumption, use of new oral recombinant immunizations, increased chlorination of water, and preparation of medical treatment facilities.
From page 199...
... Thus a cholera early warning system could help anticipate and reduce the impact of an Eighth World Pandemic of cholera. MONITORING TERRESTRIAL HABITATS OF DISEASE VECTORS Remote sensing has been used to delineate the habitats of vectors bearing diseases such as African sleeping sickness (Epstein, Rogers, and Slooff, 1993; Rogers and Packer, 1993)
From page 200...
... in some areas; Southern Africa repeatedly experiences drought during an E1 Nino. All tropical oceans warm in relation to the ENSO pattern, and evaporation from the Atlantic can cause floods in a warmer Central Europe.
From page 201...
... from the Gulf of Mexico to North Carolina; a large die-off of sea mammals in New England and the North Sea; the emergence of amnesic shellfish poisoning in Prince Edward Island (caused by a newly discovered diatom toxin, domoic acid, and later appearing worldwide) (Epstein, Ford, and Colwell, 1993~; and an outbreak of spruce budworms in the Northeast Canadian balsam forests.
From page 202...
... Remote sensing alone or integrated into geographical information systems and general circulation models has multiple applications for understanding biological processes, and in particular, disease phenomena. Health early warning systems that can identify climate conditions conducive to outbreaks and disease clusters are becoming feasible enabling early, environmentally sound public health interventions.
From page 203...
... Public health responses based on these data include increased surveillance, preparation of oral rehydration treatment centers, increased chlorination of water supplies, and temporary closure of shellfish beds and fishing grounds. Additionally, remote sensing can be used in projecting future potential disease distribution due to climate change.
From page 204...
... Keesling 1995 A simulation model of the epidemiology of urban dengue fever: Literature analysis, model development, preliminary validation, and samples of simulation results. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 53:489-506.
From page 205...
... Davis, et al. 1995 Late glacial stage and Holocene tropical ice core records from Huascaran, Peru.
From page 206...
... Meehl, G.A., and W.M. Washington 1993 South Asian summer monsoon variability in a model with double atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.
From page 207...
... Zebiak, S.E., and M.A. Cane 1991 Natural climate variability in a coupled model.


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